{"id":446061,"date":"2019-12-30T16:43:08","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T11:13:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/?p=74929"},"modified":"2019-12-30T16:43:08","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T11:13:08","slug":"rstudio-tutorial-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/rstudio-tutorial-2\/","title":{"rendered":"RStudio Tutorial &#8211; The Basics You Need to Master"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Finally, looking to start working on RStudio? Learn the basics before start working with RStudio Tutorial in an easy way.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Before we continue with the basics of R programming, let us get familiar with the IDE we will use for R.<\/p>\n<p>In this RStudio tutorial, we will explore:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"tv-anchor-link\" href=\"#whatisrstudio\">What is RStudio<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"tv-anchor-link\" href=\"#rstudioscreen\">Screen Layout of RStudio<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"tv-anchor-link\" href=\"#importingdata\">How to import datasets in RStudio<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"tv-anchor-link\" href=\"#manipulatedata\">How to manipulate data in RStudio<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"tv-anchor-link\" href=\"#statistics\">Basic Statistics in RStudio<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"tv-anchor-link\" href=\"#plottingdata\">How to plot data in RStudio<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Are you excited? Then, let\u2019s go!<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"whatisrstudio\">What is RStudio?<\/h3>\n<p>RStudio is an <strong>Integrated Development Environment or IDE<\/strong> for the R programming language. It is an <strong>open-source<\/strong> software developed by RStudio Inc. It is written in Java, C++, and JavaScript.<\/p>\n<p>RStudio can do complete <strong>data analysis<\/strong> using R and other languages. Apart from the R packages, RStudio has many packages of its own that can add to R\u2019s features.<\/p>\n<p>But before reading further it is recommended to<em><strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/install-r\/\">install R &amp; RStudio<\/a> <\/strong><\/em>on your system by following our step by step article for R installation.<\/p>\n<h2>RStudio Tutorial<\/h2>\n<p>First, let&#8217;s see how the screen of RStudio looks.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"rstudioscreen\">Screen Layout of RStudio<\/h3>\n<p>When you open RStudio for the first time you will see a screen something like this:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/rstudio-rstudio-screen1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74947 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/rstudio-rstudio-screen1.png\" alt=\"RStudio home screen - Tutorial\" width=\"1299\" height=\"742\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Let us see what these different <strong>panels<\/strong> are:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong> On the <strong>left half<\/strong> of the screen, are the tabs for the <strong>console<\/strong> and the <strong>terminal<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The console is where you can <strong>enter<\/strong> R commands, <strong>execute<\/strong> them and <strong>watch<\/strong> their results.<\/li>\n<li>The terminal provides <strong>system<\/strong> <strong>shell access<\/strong> from within the IDE. You can access your system terminal (or command prompt\/power shell in case of windows) without minimizing windows or leaving the workspace.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/rstudio-terminal2cLF.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74948 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/rstudio-terminal2cLF.png\" alt=\"Terminal RStudio tutorial\" width=\"676\" height=\"660\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong> On the <strong>top right<\/strong> corner of the screen, are the <strong>environment<\/strong>, <strong>history,<\/strong> and <strong>connections<\/strong> tabs.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The environment tab shows an interactive list of all the loaded R objects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/rstudio-environment3cRU.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74949 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/rstudio-environment3cRU.png\" alt=\"environment tab- RStudio tutorial \" width=\"612\" height=\"282\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The history tab shows you the history of the commands you have used so far.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/rstudio-history4cRU.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74950 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/rstudio-history4cRU.png\" alt=\"history tab - RStudio tutorial\" width=\"611\" height=\"250\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The connection tab shows the connections made to different data sources. It lets you track which connections are active and which are not. You can also see what type of connections these are and the properties of the data sources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3.<\/strong> On the <strong>bottom right<\/strong> corner of the screen, are the <strong>files, plots, packages,<\/strong> <strong>help<\/strong>, and <strong>viewer<\/strong> tabs.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The files tab shows a <strong>file explorer<\/strong> that can navigate the files and directories in the system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/rstudio-files5cRB-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74951 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/rstudio-files5cRB-1.png\" alt=\"file tab - RStudio Tutorial\" width=\"614\" height=\"380\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The plots tab is where the <strong>graphical plots<\/strong> and visualizations occur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/14.rstudio-scatterplot-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-75000 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/14.rstudio-scatterplot-1.png\" alt=\"plot tab - RStudio Tutorial\" width=\"636\" height=\"651\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>packages tab<\/strong> shows all the <strong>currently active packages<\/strong> in the current session.<\/li>\n<li>With the <strong>help tab,<\/strong> you can search for commands you need help with. It also has useful links for documentation, forums, books, blogs, packages, and more for R and RStudio.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/rstudio-help7cRB.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74953 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/rstudio-help7cRB.png\" alt=\"help tab\" width=\"614\" height=\"408\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>viewer tab<\/strong> lets you view <strong>local web content.<\/strong> You can get a preview of the web-apps, HTML pages, or online reports you are making in the viewer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Basic Data Analysis through RStudio<\/h3>\n<p>Now let\u2019s go through some basics of data analysis and how RStudio can make it easy for us. We will be using the features of RStudio to collect some data and create a visual representation of the data. To do that, we will be going through the following <strong>steps:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Import data in RStudio<\/li>\n<li>Transforming data<\/li>\n<li>Basic statistics<\/li>\n<li>Plotting data distribution<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 id=\"importingdata\">1. Importing data in RStudio<\/h4>\n<p>For this tutorial, we will be using this sample census <a href=\"http:\/\/stat511.cwick.co.nz\/homeworks\/cdc.csv\">dataset<\/a>. There are two ways to import data in RStudio. One is to download and import data using the read command.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">&gt; cdc &lt;- read.csv(url(\"http:\/\/stat511.cwick.co.nz\/homeworks\/cdc.csv\"))<\/pre>\n<p>On executing this command, RStudio will download the dataset read the .csv file and assign it to the variable data.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: you can view the data set with the view() command<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">&gt;  View(cdc)<\/pre>\n<p>where data is the name of the dataset.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/8.rstudio-import-dataset-using-read.csv-.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74990 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/8.rstudio-import-dataset-using-read.csv-.png\" alt=\"rstudio import dataset\" width=\"1299\" height=\"741\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The second way to import data in RStudio is to download the dataset onto your local computer. Then using the import dataset feature.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Click on the import dataset button on the top in the environment tab. Select the downloaded file and then click open. The Import Dataset dialog box will appear on the screen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/9.rstudio-import-dataset-dialog-box-copy.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-75001 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/9.rstudio-import-dataset-dialog-box-copy.png\" alt=\"import dataset dialog box copy\" width=\"672\" height=\"548\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Set the name and preferences, and click on <strong>import.<\/strong> The dataset will be imported into the RStudio and will be assigned to the variable name as set earlier.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"manipulatedata\">2. Manipulating the Data<\/h4>\n<p>There are many commands in R and RStudio that can manipulate and transform the data in the desired ways. Let\u2019s check out a few of these.<\/p>\n<p>To access a specific column from the dataset, for eg: height<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">&gt; cdc$height<\/pre>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/10.rstudio-column-height.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74992 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/10.rstudio-column-height.png\" alt=\"column height rstudio tutorial\" width=\"1299\" height=\"676\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>To access a specific element from the dataset<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">&gt; cdc[34,5]<\/pre>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/11.rstudio-single-entry-data345.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74993 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/11.rstudio-single-entry-data345.png\" alt=\"single entry data rstudio\" width=\"1289\" height=\"672\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>To run a query on the dataset, you can use the subset() function. The function takes two arguments or parameters. The first being the name of the dataset. The second parameter is a condition, the entries satisfying the condition are included in the subset. For eg: a subset where the gender of the person is male or \u2018m\u2019.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">&gt; men &lt;- subset(cdc, gender== 'm')<\/pre>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/12.rstudio-single-entry-data345.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74994 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/12.rstudio-single-entry-data345.png\" alt=\"single entry data rstudio tutorial\" width=\"1299\" height=\"741\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"statistics\">3. Basic Statistics<\/h4>\n<p>R and RStudio have simple commands for calculating basic statistics and averages. Some of these commands are:<\/p>\n<p>Mean of any column:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">&gt; mean(cdc$height)<\/pre>\n<p>Median:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">&gt; median(cdc$height)<\/pre>\n<p>Quantile:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">&gt; quantile(cdc$height)<\/pre>\n<p>Variance:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">&gt; var(cdc$height)<\/pre>\n<p>Standard Deviation:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">&gt; sd(cdc$height)<\/pre>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/13.rstudio-meanmedianvariancequantile-and-std-dev.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74995 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/13.rstudio-meanmedianvariancequantile-and-std-dev.png\" alt=\"mean median variance quantile and std dev - Rstudio Tutorial\" width=\"1299\" height=\"741\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"plottingdata\">4. Plotting Data in RStudio<\/h4>\n<p>R has several functions like plot() for plotting the available data. Using one of these functions you can visualize any data in R. For example:<\/p>\n<p>If we want to plot the subset of the first 100 observations of cdc, based on the height and weight of the people. We can use the plot() function like so:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">&gt; sub=cdc[1:100,]\n&gt; plot(x=sub$height,y=sub$weight,type='p',main='graph for height vs weight')<\/pre>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/14.rstudio-scatterplot.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74996 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/14.rstudio-scatterplot.png\" alt=\"scatterplot - rstudio \" width=\"1299\" height=\"741\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>We can also draw a histogram of, let\u2019s say, the ages of the people using the following command.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">&gt; hist(cdc$age)<\/pre>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/15.rstudio-histogram.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74997 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/15.rstudio-histogram.png\" alt=\"histogram - rstudio \" width=\"1299\" height=\"741\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>We can make bar charts using the following commands.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">&gt; get_table &lt;- table(cdc$wtdesire)\n&gt; barplot(get_table,main=\"desired weight distribution\", xlab=\"weight\")<\/pre>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/16.rstudio-barplot.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74998 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/16.rstudio-barplot.png\" alt=\"barplot - rstudio\" width=\"1299\" height=\"741\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Summary<\/h2>\n<p>RStudio is the most popular and easy-to-use IDE for R. In this RStudio tutorial, we went through the layout of the RStudio. We then looked at how to import, transform, analyze and plot data in RStudio. Now you must learn various <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/r-data-types\/\">data types<\/a><\/strong><\/em> that R can handle.<\/p>\n<p>We hope this RStudio tutorial helped you and now it will be easier for you to use RStudio.<\/p>\n<p>Keep Learning!!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Finally, looking to start working on RStudio? Learn the basics before start working with RStudio Tutorial in an easy way. Before we continue with the basics of R programming, let us get familiar with&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":75014,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1020],"tags":[1225,1226,1227,1228,1229,1230,1231,1232],"class_list":["post-446061","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-r","tag-data-analysis-by-rstudio","tag-introduction-to-rstudio","tag-learn-rstudio","tag-plotting-data-by-r-studio","tag-rstudio-basics","tag-rstudio-import-csv","tag-rstudio-tutorial","tag-transform-data-by-rstudio"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>RStudio Tutorial - The Basics You Need to Master - TechVidvan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to use RStudio? How to import datasets and manipulate data? 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