{"id":74105,"date":"2019-12-10T10:26:12","date_gmt":"2019-12-10T04:56:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/?p=74105"},"modified":"2024-08-22T17:47:34","modified_gmt":"2024-08-22T12:17:34","slug":"python-syntax","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/python-syntax\/","title":{"rendered":"Python Syntax – Get yourself familiar with Python"},"content":{"rendered":"

Understanding the syntax is the first and most crucial step in learning any programming language. Python stands out for its simplicity and straightforward syntax, making it one of the most beginner-friendly languages. This article is designed to guide you through the essential syntactical structures of Python. Whether you’re just starting or looking to refresh your knowledge, this article will provide the foundation you need to write clean and efficient Python code.<\/p>\n

TechVidvan’s Python Syntax article will help you in identifying<\/strong> and debugging<\/strong> the syntax of Python.<\/p>\n

\"what<\/a><\/p>\n

What is Syntax?<\/h3>\n

In every programming language, you will come along the word syntax. A programming syntax refers to a set of rules<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

When we run a Python program, first it is read by a parser<\/strong>. The parser will only understand the Python code if it is according to the predefined rules<\/strong> of Python programming otherwise it will give you syntax errors. That is why it is important to understand the syntax of the language.<\/p>\n

Example of Python Syntax<\/strong><\/p>\n

In this Python Tutorial, before learning the syntax of Python, let\u2019s see an example of how a basic Python program looks like.<\/p>\n

Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n

#Simple Python Program that compares two numbers.\r\n\r\nprint(\"Enter first integer value\")\r\nfirst_value = int(input())\r\n\r\nprint(\"Enter second integer value\")\r\nsecond_value = int(input())\r\n\r\nif(first_value > second_value):\r\n    print(\u201cFirst value is greater than second\u201d)\r\nelse:\r\n    print(\u201cSecond value is greater than first\u201d)<\/pre>\n
The above program takes two values from the user and then we compare which of them is bigger.<\/p>\n
Don\u2019t worry if you don\u2019t understand the code yet, with this example, you can get a clue about how Python code is written.<\/p>\n
Types of Syntax Structures in Python<\/h3>\n
Now, let\u2019s go through the various syntax structures of Python programming.<\/p>\n
1. Python Line Structure<\/h4>\n
A Python program is divided into logical lines<\/strong> where each line comprises one or more physical lines of code. The Python interpreter ignores the blank lines<\/strong>, which are the lines that only contain white spaces<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Msg = \u201cHi! Welcome to the python syntax article\u201d\r\nprint(Msg)<\/pre>\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Hi! Welcome to the python syntax article<\/div>\n
2. Multiline Statements<\/h4>\n
If you have studied another language like C\/C++ or Java then you are used to writing semicolons<\/strong> after every statement.<\/p>\n
In Python, we don\u2019t use semicolons instead of them we use newlines<\/strong> for separating statements<\/strong>. Sometimes when you want to write a long code in a single line we can break the statement into multiple lines using the backslash character(\\)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
print(\u201cHi! \\\r\nHow are you today? \\\r\nWhat are you planning this Sunday? \\\r\n\u201d)<\/pre>\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Hi! How are you today? What are you planning this Sunday?<\/div>\n
3. Multiple Statements in One Line<\/h4>\n
Python also allows you to write multiple statements in a single line. For this purpose, we use semicolons to separate statements within the same line. This can reduce the readability<\/strong> of code so only use this if it is appropriate in the situation.<\/p>\n
Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
num1 = 10 ; num2 = 20 ; print(\u201cSum of numbers = \u201d, num1+num2)<\/pre>\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Sum of numbers = 30<\/div>\n
4. Comments in Python<\/h4>\n
Writing comments for our code is useful for programmers to add notes<\/strong> or explanations<\/strong> of the code. Comments are just for reading<\/strong> and Python interpreter ignores whatever we write in comments. Comments can be either single-line<\/strong> or multiline comments<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
a. Single-Line Comments<\/strong><\/p>\n
The symbol (#)<\/strong> indicates the starting<\/strong> of the comment and everything written after the # is considered as comment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
#Interpreter will ignore this\r\nprint(\u201cTechVidvan\u201d)\r\nprint(\u201cTechVidvan\u201d) #comments can be added after code<\/pre>\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
TechVidvan
\nTechVidvan<\/div>\n
b. Multiline Comments<\/strong><\/p>\n
When the comment is large, we can use the triple-double quotes<\/strong> to write comments in multiple lines.<\/p>\n
Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u201c\u201d\u201d\r\nThis is a multiline\r\nComment\r\nUsed for explaining functions,\r\nCodes, etc\r\n\u201c\u201d\u201d\r\nprint(\u201cMultiline comment example\u201d)<\/pre>\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Multiline comment example<\/div>\n
5. Python Indentation<\/h4>\n
The indentation is quite unique syntax<\/strong> of Python. Other languages like C\/C++, Java and JavaScript use curly braces \u2018{}\u2019<\/strong> to indicate block of codes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
Python uses white spaces (space or tabs) to define the block of functions<\/strong>, flow control<\/strong> and codes of class<\/strong>. It is mandatory to use a consistent amount of spaces for blocks throughout the code.<\/p>\n
Let\u2019s see this with an example:<\/p>\n
Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
name = \u201cTechVidvan\u201d\r\n\r\nif name == \u201cTechVidvan\u201d:\r\n    print(\u201cWe know this person\u201d)\r\nelse:\r\n    print(\u201cWe don\u2019t know this person\u201d)<\/pre>\n
Note: Here, the amount of space should be consistent otherwise you will get an error.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n
Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
name = \u201cTechVidvan\u201d\r\n\r\nif name == \u201cTechVidvan\u201d:\r\n  print(\u201cWe know this person\u201d)\r\n    print(\u201cUnequal spaces in indentation\u201d)\r\nelse:\r\n    print(\u201cWe don\u2019t know this person\u201d)<\/pre>\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
TabError: inconsistent use of tabs and spaces in indentation<\/div>\n
6. Python Quotations<\/h4>\n
The Python string literals can be enclosed in two ways.<\/p>\n
We can write strings between single quotes(\u2019)<\/strong> or double quotes (\u201c)<\/strong> and they can be used interchangeably<\/strong>.
\nCode:<\/strong><\/p>\n
message1 = \u201cHey\u201d\r\nmessage2 = \u2018Hey\u2019\r\nprint( message1)\r\nprint( message2)<\/pre>\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Hey
\nHey<\/div>\n
When we want to use quotes inside the string then we can combine<\/strong> them.<\/p>\n
Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
print(\u201c Hey \u2018Anna\u2019 \u201d)\r\nprint(\u2018 Hey \u201cAnna\u201d \u2019)<\/pre>\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Hey \u2018Anna\u2019
\nHey \u201cAnna\u201d<\/div>\n
7. Python Identifier<\/h4>\n
A program contains variables<\/strong>, functions<\/strong>, classes<\/strong>, modules<\/strong>, packages<\/strong> etc. Identifier<\/strong> is the name given to these programming elements. There are some rules which we have to keep in mind for creating an identifier.<\/p>\n
Let\u2019s see them one by one.<\/p>\n
    \n
  • Identifier can only begin with characters starting from A-Z (Uppercase letters), a-z (lowercase letters) or _ (underscore).<\/li>\n
  • They can be then followed by any number of letters, digits or underscores.<\/li>\n
  • Python is case sensitive language so the identifiers \u2018count\u2019 and \u2018Count\u2019 are two different identifiers.<\/li>\n
  • Python Reserved keywords like for, global, continue, break, etc. cannot be used as identifiers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    Examples of Valid Identifiers:<\/h4>\n
      \n
    • name<\/li>\n
    • _3name6<\/li>\n
    • get_all_names<\/li>\n
    • YES<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      Examples of Invalid Identifiers:<\/h4>\n
        \n
      • 1name<\/li>\n
      • name$<\/li>\n
      • get-score<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        8. Getting Users Input<\/h4>\n
        To get the input from the user, Python has input() function<\/strong> in the Python\u2019s core library. It reads the input given by the user as a string<\/strong> and we can store the input in a variable<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
        Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
        Msg = input()\r\nprint(Msg)<\/pre>\n
        When the interpreter reaches the input() function, it will wait for an input from the user.<\/p>\n
        The user can give input, for example, here we can type \u201cHello\u201d and then after pressing enter, the code will execute<\/strong> in which we store the input in Msg variable and print it afterwards.<\/p>\n
        Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
        >>>Hello
        \n\u2018Hello\u2019<\/div>\n
        One important thing to note is that even when you give a number<\/strong> as input, Python will treat it as a string<\/strong>. So, when we want to work with numbers, we can use type conversion methods with input() function to convert strings into numbers.<\/p>\n
        Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
        num = int( input())\r\nnum = num + 10\r\nprint(num)<\/pre>\n
        Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
        >>>5
        \n15<\/div>\n
        9. Python String-Formatters<\/h4>\n
        String-formatters are very useful for displaying strings<\/strong> in the format we want. Let\u2019s see the different ways of formatting string:<\/p>\n
        a. % operator<\/strong><\/p>\n
        With the % operator, we can format a string to contain both text<\/strong> and values<\/strong> of identifiers. We use %s where we want our value to appear.<\/p>\n
        After the string, we put the % symbol and then mention the identifiers in parameters.<\/p>\n
        Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
        rollNo= 1\r\nsubject= \u201cMaths\u201d\r\nprint(\u201c The roll no. %s studies %s subject\u201d % (rollNo, subject) )<\/pre>\n
        Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
        The roll no. 1 studies Maths subject<\/div>\n
        b. format Method<\/strong><\/p>\n
        The format method is similar to the above method but instead of %s we put 0,1,2… values<\/strong> or identifiers<\/strong> in curly braces and then use format method on the string.<\/p>\n
        Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
        rollNo= 1 ; subject= \u201cMaths\u201d\r\nprint(\u201c The roll no. {0} studies {1} subject\u201d. format(rollNo, subject) )\r\nprint((\u201c The roll no. {rollNo} studies {subject} subject\u201d.format(rollNo=10, subject=\u201dScience\u201d))<\/pre>\n
        Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
        The roll no. 1 studies Maths subject
        \nThe roll no. 10 studies Science subject<\/div>\n
        c. f-strings<\/strong><\/p>\n
        F-strings are easier to work with. You just need to put \u2018f\u2019<\/strong> as a prefix<\/strong> before string and then you can put the identifier in curly braces within the string.<\/p>\n
        Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
        rollNo= 5 ; subject= \u201cBiology\u201d\r\nprint( f\u201cThe roll no. {rollNo} studies {subject} subject\u201d )<\/pre>\n
        Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
        The roll no. 5 studies Biology subject<\/div>\n
        Summary<\/h3>\n
        In this article, we saw all the Python syntax structures in detail. This will give a good idea about how programming in Python is done.<\/p>\n
        We learned the Python line structure<\/strong>, comments<\/strong>, Python indentation<\/strong>, identifiers<\/strong>, taking input from users<\/strong> and formatting strings<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
        Now you can start your journey in Python programming.<\/p>\n
        I hope you like this Python syntax tutorial and feel free to ask your queries in the comment section.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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