{"id":74944,"date":"2019-12-28T18:03:57","date_gmt":"2019-12-28T12:33:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/?p=74944"},"modified":"2019-12-28T18:03:57","modified_gmt":"2019-12-28T12:33:57","slug":"decision-making-in-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/decision-making-in-python\/","title":{"rendered":"Decision Making in Python using if, if-else, if-elif and nested statements"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In your programming journey, decision making will be with you from the beginning to the end. At every stage, you need to make <strong>certain decisions<\/strong> based on a <strong>condition<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>That is what we will be discussing in this Python decision making article and learn to use <strong>if statements<\/strong>, <strong>if-else statements<\/strong>,<strong> if-elif ladder<\/strong> and <strong>Nested statements<\/strong> in Python.<\/p>\n<h3>Decision-Making Statements in Python<\/h3>\n<p>There comes a point in your life where you need to decide what steps should be <strong>taken<\/strong> and based on that you decide your next <strong>decisions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>In programming, we often have this similar situation where we need to decide which<strong> block of code<\/strong> should be <strong>executed<\/strong> based on a <strong>condition<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s take a simple example.<\/p>\n<p>Suppose you are writing a <strong>program<\/strong> for a game. So at every step, we need to take decisions like:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If the user presses <strong>\u2018w\u2019 key<\/strong>, then the character will move <strong>forward<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>If the user presses<strong> \u2018spacebar\u2019<\/strong>, then the character will <strong>jump<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>If the character runs into an <strong>obstacle<\/strong>, then the game is <strong>over<\/strong> otherwise we <strong>continue playing<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Decisions like these are required everywhere in programming and they decide the direction of flow of program execution.<\/p>\n<p>Python has the following decision-making statements:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>if statements<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>if-else statements<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>if-elif ladder<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Nested statements<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Let&#8217;s discuss these decision making statements in Python in detail.<\/p>\n<h3>Python if statement<\/h3>\n<p>if statement is the most <strong>simple form<\/strong> of <strong>decision-making<\/strong> statement. It takes an <strong>expression<\/strong> and <strong>checks<\/strong> if the expression evaluates to <strong>True<\/strong> then the block of code in <strong>if statement<\/strong> will be <strong>executed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>If the expression evaluates to <strong>False<\/strong>, then the <strong>block of code<\/strong> is <strong>skipped<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syntax:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">if ( expression ):\n  Statement 1\n  Statement 2\n  .\n  Statement n<\/pre>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/Python-if-statement.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-75082 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/Python-if-statement.jpg\" alt=\"python decision making - if statement\" width=\"580\" height=\"760\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Example 1:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">a = 20 ; b = 20\nif ( a == b ):\n  print( \u201ca and b are equal\u201d)\nprint(\u201cIf block ended\u201d)<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Output: <\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-output\">a and b are equal<br \/>\nIf block ended<\/div>\n<p><strong>Example 2:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">num = 5\nif ( num &gt;= 10):\n  print(\u201cnum is greater than 10\u201d)\nprint(\u201cif block ended\u201d)<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-output\">If block ended<\/div>\n<p>In example 1, we see that the condition <strong>a==b<\/strong> evaluates to <strong>True<\/strong>. Therefore, the block of code inside <strong>if statement<\/strong> is executed.<\/p>\n<p>In example 2, the condition evaluates to <strong>False<\/strong>, therefore, the print statement was <strong>not executed<\/strong> and the only statement that got <strong>executed<\/strong> was because it was <strong>outside<\/strong> the<strong> if block<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> Don\u2019t forget to <strong>add<\/strong> a <strong>colon(:)<\/strong> after <strong>if statement<\/strong> and indent the statements properly that are <strong>executed<\/strong> when a condition is <strong>True<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Python if-else statement<\/h3>\n<p>From the name itself, we get the clue that the<strong> if-else statement<\/strong> checks the expression and <strong>executes<\/strong> the <strong>if block<\/strong> when the expression is <strong>True<\/strong> otherwise it will <strong>execute<\/strong> the <strong>else block of code<\/strong>. The <strong>else block<\/strong> should be right after <strong>if block<\/strong> and it is executed when the expression is <strong>False<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syntax:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">if( expression ):\n  Statement\nelse:\n  Statement<\/pre>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/Python-if-else-statement.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-75083 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/Python-if-else-statement.jpg\" alt=\"decision making in python if-else statement\" width=\"544\" height=\"600\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Example 1:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">number1 = 20 ; number2 = 30\nif(number1 &gt;= number2 ):\n  print(\u201cnumber 1 is greater than number 2\u201d)\nelse:\n  print(\u201cnumber 2 is greater than number 1\u201d)<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-output\">number 2 is greater than number 1<\/div>\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> Only <strong>one<\/strong> <strong>else statement<\/strong> is followed by an <strong>if statement<\/strong>. If you use <strong>two else statements<\/strong> after an <strong>if statement<\/strong>, then you get the following <strong>error<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example: <\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">if (5&gt;10):\n  print(5)\nelse:\n  print(10)\nelse:\n  print(\u201cEnd\u201d)<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-output\">SyntaxError: invalid syntax<\/div>\n<h3>Python if-elif ladder<\/h3>\n<p>You might have heard of the <strong>else-if statements<\/strong> in other languages like<strong> C\/C++<\/strong> or<strong> Java<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>In Python, we have an <strong>elif keyword<\/strong> to chain <strong>multiple conditions<\/strong> one after another. With elif ladder, we can make complex <strong>decision-making statements<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The elif statement helps you to check <strong>multiple expressions<\/strong> and it <strong>executes<\/strong> the code as soon as one of the conditions evaluates to <strong>True<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syntax:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">if( expression1 ):\n  statement\nelif (expression2 ) :\n  statement\nelif(expression3 ):\n  statement\n.\n.\nelse:\n  statement<\/pre>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/Python-if-elif-ladder.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-75084 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/Python-if-elif-ladder.jpg\" alt=\"python if-elif ladder\" width=\"618\" height=\"695\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">print(\u201cSelect your ride:\u201d)\nprint(\u201c1. Bike\u201d)\nprint(\u201c2. Car\u201d)\nprint(\u201c3. SUV\u201d)\n\nchoice = int( input() )\n\nif( choice == 1 ):\n  print( \u201cYou have selected Bike\u201d )\nelif( choice == 2 ):\n  print( \u201cYou have selected Car\u201d )\nelif( choice == 3 ):\n  print( \u201cYou have selected SUV\u201d )\nelse:\n  print(\u201cWrong choice!\u201c)<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Output 1:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-output\">Select your ride:<br \/>\n1. Bike<br \/>\n2. Car<br \/>\n3. SUV<br \/>\n3<br \/>\nYou have selected SUV<\/div>\n<p><strong>Output 2:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-output\">Select your ride:<br \/>\n1. Bike<br \/>\n2. Car<br \/>\n3. SUV<br \/>\n10<br \/>\nWrong choice!<\/div>\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> Core Python doesn\u2019t support <strong>switch-case statements<\/strong> that are available in other programming languages but we can use the <strong>elif ladder<\/strong> instead of <strong>switch cases<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Python Nested if statement<\/h3>\n<p>In very simple words, <strong>Nested if statements<\/strong> is an if statement inside another if statement. Python allows us to <strong>stack<\/strong> any number of <strong>if statements<\/strong> inside the <strong>block<\/strong> of another <strong>if statements<\/strong>. They are <strong>useful<\/strong> when we need to make a <strong>series of decisions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syntax:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">if (expression):\n  if(expression):\n    Statement of nested if\n  else:\n    Statement of nested if else\n  Statement of outer if\nStatement outside if block<\/pre>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/Python-nested-if-statement.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-75085 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/Python-nested-if-statement.jpg\" alt=\"nested if statement in python decision making\" width=\"725\" height=\"632\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Example :<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">num1 = int( input())\nnum2 = int( input())\n\nif( num1&gt;= num2):\n    if(num1 == num2):\n        print(f'{num1} and {num2} are equal')\n    else:\n        print(f'{num1} is greater than {num2}')\nelse:\n    print(f'{num1} is smaller than {num2}')<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Output 1:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-output\">10<br \/>\n20<br \/>\n10 is smaller than 20<\/div>\n<p><strong>Output 2:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-output\">5<br \/>\n5<br \/>\n5 and 5 are equal<\/div>\n<h3>Summary<\/h3>\n<p>Today in decision making in python article, we learned how a <strong>computer program<\/strong> can <strong>make decisions<\/strong> using <strong>any condition<\/strong>. We learned how to use decision-making statements like <strong>if<\/strong>, <strong>if-else<\/strong>, <strong>nested if<\/strong> and <strong>if-elif ladder<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The keynote to keep in mind is to use <strong>proper indentation<\/strong> to <strong>declare<\/strong> the <strong>block of code<\/strong> of these statements.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In your programming journey, decision making will be with you from the beginning to the end. At every stage, you need to make certain decisions based on a condition. That is what we will&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":75076,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1053],"tags":[1239,1240,1241,1242,1243,1244,1245],"class_list":["post-74944","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","tag-decision-making-in-python","tag-nested-statements-in-python","tag-python-decision-making-statements","tag-python-if-else-statement","tag-python-if-statement","tag-python-if-elif-ladder","tag-python-nested-if-statement"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Decision Making in Python using if, if-else, if-elif and nested statements - TechVidvan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn decision making in Python using the decision making statements such as Python if, if-else, if-elif ladder, and nested if statement with examples.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/decision-making-in-python\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Decision Making in Python using if, if-else, if-elif and nested statements - 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