{"id":75595,"date":"2020-01-25T10:02:24","date_gmt":"2020-01-25T04:32:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/?p=75595"},"modified":"2024-08-22T20:01:38","modified_gmt":"2024-08-22T14:31:38","slug":"python-objects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/python-objects\/","title":{"rendered":"Python Objects – Learn OOPs concept with syntax and examples"},"content":{"rendered":"

As we know that Python is an object-oriented programming<\/strong> language, the main focus in object-oriented programming are classes<\/strong> and objects<\/strong>. These are the two<\/strong> main concepts<\/strong> of all the Object-oriented programming languages.<\/p>\n

In this article, we will learn about class<\/strong> then see how to create Python objects<\/strong> and see some of the operations<\/strong> on it. So let\u2019s get started with a quick look at the class.<\/p>\n

What is a Class in Python?<\/h3>\n

A class<\/strong> is like a blueprint<\/strong> that defines the properties<\/strong> and behavior of an object<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

As an example, a Cat class can have several properties like name<\/strong>, size<\/strong>, weight<\/strong>, color<\/strong>, age<\/strong>, health<\/strong>, etc. and it will have certain behaviors like walk<\/strong>, jump<\/strong>, scratch<\/strong>, eat<\/strong>, etc.<\/p>\n

The class<\/strong> is a model<\/strong> that will define the structure<\/strong> of class properties<\/strong> and it\u2019s behaviors<\/strong>. When you create an object from a class, you instantiate it, meaning you create a specific instance of the class with its own unique set of data. Classes also support inheritance, allowing you to create new classes based on existing ones, promoting code reuse and modularity.<\/p>\n

Python Example of a class:<\/p>\n

Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n

class Person:\r\n  \tdef __init__(self, name, age, occupation):\r\n  \t\tself.name = name\r\n  \t\tself.age = age\r\n  \t\tself.occupation = occupation\r\n  \tdef details(self):\r\n    print(\u201cName:\u201d, self.name)\r\n    print(\u201cAge :\u201d, self.age)\r\n    print(\u201cOccupation :\u201d, self.occupation)<\/pre>\n
What is an Object in Python?<\/h3>\n
An object<\/strong> is a representation<\/strong> of a real-world object<\/strong>. It can be anything like a cat<\/strong>, dog<\/strong>, car<\/strong>, student<\/strong>, employee, chair,<\/strong>\u00a0mobile, device,<\/strong> etc.<\/p>\n
Objects contain information about their properties and behaviors, making them concrete instances of their respective classes. While a class provides a blueprint for creating objects, an object is an actual instance that holds real data. For instance, you might have a class called Car with properties like color, model, and speed, and behaviors like accelerate and brake. When you create an object from this class, you get a specific car with its own unique attributes and abilities.<\/p>\n
This is one way to create an object<\/strong> of a class<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
p1 = Person(\u201cHimanshu\u201d, 22, \u201cProfessional Gamer\u201d)<\/pre>\n
Here, p1 is an object<\/strong> of class Person<\/strong>. That has 3 properties: name<\/strong>, age<\/strong>, and occupation<\/strong> and a method(behavior)<\/strong>. Now we can use the object<\/strong> to perform actions<\/strong> or see it\u2019s behavior<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
p1.details()<\/pre>\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Name: Himanshu
\nAge : 22
\nOccupation : Professional Gamer<\/div>\n
Python Object Initialization\"python<\/a><\/h3>\n
During the creation<\/strong> or initialization<\/strong> of objects, Python calls<\/strong> the __init__()<\/strong> method which is called as a constructor<\/strong> that we use to initialize attributes<\/strong> of a class<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
How to initialize<\/strong> an object<\/strong> of a class<\/strong> depends on how the class<\/strong> is defined<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
There are two ways to initialize or create objects.<\/p>\n
    \n
  • With arguments (for classes that have arguments<\/strong> in the constructor<\/strong>)<\/li>\n
  • Without arguments (for classes that don\u2019t<\/strong> have any argument<\/strong> in the constructor<\/strong>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    1. With Arguments<\/h4>\n
    We have already seen an example of this in our previous example of Person class<\/strong>. During the creation of the class, we passed 3 arguments: name<\/strong>, age<\/strong>, and occupation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    So to create<\/strong> the object<\/strong> of Person<\/strong> class<\/strong> we have to provide these 3 arguments<\/strong> in the brackets<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    obj = Person(\u201cJohn\u201d, 45, \u201cTeacher\u201d)<\/pre>\n
    2. Without Arguments<\/h4>\n
    In the definition of the class<\/strong>, if the constructor<\/strong> is not defined<\/strong> or there are no arguments<\/strong> in the constructor<\/strong> other than self<\/strong>, then the objects<\/strong> of this class will be created without<\/strong> any arguments<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    First, let\u2019s create a class.<\/p>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    class Car:\r\n    model=''\r\n    def display(self):\r\n        print(\"The Model of the Car is :\",self.model)\r\n    def setModel(self, model):\r\n        self.model = model<\/pre>\n
    Here, we have not created<\/strong> the __init__()<\/strong> method but Python automatically<\/strong> creates<\/strong> it without<\/strong> any arguments<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    So, we can now create<\/strong> the object<\/strong> of the Car class<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    car1 = Car()\r\nprint(car1)<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    <__main__.Car object at 0x055965E0><\/div>\n
    Everything in Python is an Object<\/h3>\n
    This is an important concept of Python<\/strong> that everyone should be aware of.<\/p>\n
    In Python, everything is an object<\/strong>. To prove this to you, first, we will see some examples: We will see the type of various data types<\/strong> like numbers<\/strong>, strings<\/strong>, etc.<\/p>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    print(type(10))\r\nprint(type(\"Hey\"))\r\nprint(type({1,2,3}))\r\nprint(type(True))\r\n\r\ndef greet():\r\n    print(\"Welcome\")\r\n\r\nclass Emp:\r\n    pass\r\n\r\nprint(type(greet))\r\nprint(Emp)<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    <class ‘int’>
    \n<class ‘str’>
    \n<class ‘set’>
    \n<class ‘bool’>
    \n<class ‘function’>
    \n<class ‘__main__.Emp’><\/div>\n
    As you can see, Strings<\/strong>, numbers<\/strong>, Booleans<\/strong>, functions<\/strong>, and classes<\/strong> are all objects<\/strong>. They all derive<\/strong> from the base class \u2018object\u2019<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    An integer<\/strong> is not<\/strong> just a value<\/strong>, it is an object<\/strong> that has several properties<\/strong> and methods<\/strong>. To see them we can use the dir() function<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    dir(4)<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    [‘__abs__’, ‘__add__’, ‘__and__’, ‘__bool__’, ‘__ceil__’, ‘__class__’, ‘__delattr__’, ‘__dir__’, ‘__divmod__’, ‘__doc__’, ‘__eq__’, ‘__float__’, ‘__floor__’, ‘__floordiv__’, ‘__format__’, ‘__ge__’, ‘__getattribute__’, ‘__getnewargs__’, ‘__gt__’, ‘__hash__’, ‘__index__’, ‘__init__’, ‘__init_subclass__’, ‘__int__’, ‘__invert__’, ‘__le__’, ‘__lshift__’, ‘__lt__’, ‘__mod__’, ‘__mul__’, ‘__ne__’, ‘__neg__’, ‘__new__’, ‘__or__’, ‘__pos__’, ‘__pow__’, ‘__radd__’, ‘__rand__’, ‘__rdivmod__’, ‘__reduce__’, ‘__reduce_ex__’, ‘__repr__’, ‘__rfloordiv__’, ‘__rlshift__’, ‘__rmod__’, ‘__rmul__’, ‘__ror__’, ‘__round__’, ‘__rpow__’, ‘__rrshift__’, ‘__rshift__’, ‘__rsub__’, ‘__rtruediv__’, ‘__rxor__’, ‘__setattr__’, ‘__sizeof__’, ‘__str__’, ‘__sub__’, ‘__subclasshook__’, ‘__truediv__’, ‘__trunc__’, ‘__xor__’, ‘as_integer_ratio’, ‘bit_length’, ‘conjugate’, ‘denominator’, ‘from_bytes’, ‘imag’, ‘numerator’, ‘real’, ‘to_bytes’]<\/div>\n
    Dynamically Adding Properties to a Class<\/h3>\n
    Python<\/strong> is a flexible language<\/strong>, we can add properties<\/strong> to an object<\/strong> even after declaring<\/strong> the object<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    Let\u2019s see this with an example.<\/p>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    class Person:\r\n    pass\r\n\r\np = Person()\r\nprint(p.name)<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    \n\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>File \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 “C:\\Users\\Techvidvan\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python38-32\\test.py”, line 6, in <module>
    \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>print(p.name)
    \nAttributeError: ‘Person’ object has no attribute ‘name’<\/div>\n
    The class definition<\/strong> is empty<\/strong> and there is no name attribute<\/strong>, now let\u2019s add<\/strong> the name<\/strong> attribute by simply assigning<\/strong> it a value<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    p.name = 'TechVidvan'\r\nprint(p.name)<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    TechVidvan<\/div>\n
    Delete an Object in Python<\/h3>\n
    Sometimes we need to explicitly<\/strong> delete<\/strong> an object<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    Although Python garbage<\/strong> collection is automatic<\/strong>, which means that the user does not need to worry about allocating<\/strong> memory<\/strong> or freeing up space<\/strong> by deallocating<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    With the del keyword<\/strong> we can explicitly control<\/strong> the scope<\/strong> of the variable<\/strong> by deleting<\/strong> from the local<\/strong> or a global variable<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    class Student:\r\n    def getInfo(self):\r\n        print(\"I'm a student at DGM\")\r\n\r\nalan = Student()\r\nprint(alan)\r\ndel alan\r\nprint(alan)<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    <__main__.Student object at 0x055465E0>
    \nTraceback (most recent call last):
    \n\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>File\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 “C:\\Users\\Techvidvan\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python38-32\\test.py”, line 9, in <module>
    \nprint(alan)
    \nNameError: name ‘alan’ is not defined<\/div>\n
    Here, we created<\/strong> an object alan<\/strong> and later deleted<\/strong> it using the del keyword<\/strong> then if we try to access<\/strong> the object<\/strong> we get a NameError<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    Summary<\/h3>\n
    In this article, we discussed the Python objects<\/strong> but before that, we saw a quick look at Python class<\/strong>. Later on, we understood how to initialize<\/strong> or create objects<\/strong> in Python<\/strong>, we also talked on how everything<\/strong> in Python<\/strong> is objects<\/strong>. In the end, we saw how to add properties<\/strong> to an object<\/strong> and also delete it<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    I hope you are also practicing the concepts on your system.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    As we know that Python is an object-oriented programming language, the main focus in object-oriented programming are classes and objects. These are the two main concepts of all the Object-oriented programming languages. In this...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":75801,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1053],"tags":[1442,1443,1444,1445,1446,1447,1448,1449],"class_list":["post-75595","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","tag-delete-an-object-in-python","tag-dynamically-adding-properties-to-a-class","tag-everything-in-python-is-an-object","tag-objects-in-python","tag-python-object-initialization","tag-python-objects","tag-what-is-a-class-in-python","tag-what-is-an-object-in-python"],"yoast_head":"\nPython Objects - Learn OOPs concept with syntax and examples - TechVidvan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn the most important concept of object-oriented programming in Python, that is, Python objects. 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