{"id":75632,"date":"2020-01-21T12:45:07","date_gmt":"2020-01-21T07:15:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/?p=75632"},"modified":"2020-01-21T12:45:07","modified_gmt":"2020-01-21T07:15:07","slug":"r-numeric-and-character-functions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/r-numeric-and-character-functions\/","title":{"rendered":"Numeric and Character Functions in R – Explore Inbuilt Functions with Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"

In this R tutorial, we will learn about some built-in numeric functions and character functions that R provides. We will see their syntaxes and usages. We will also look at examples of these numeric and character functions in R.<\/p>\n

What are Numeric Functions?<\/h2>\n

There are functions in R, that perform operations on specific data types. The functions that take a numeric value or vector as input or return them as outputs are called numeric functions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

In this tutorial, we are going to be looking at the following numeric functions:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. is.numeric() and as.numeric() functions<\/li>\n
  2. abs() function<\/li>\n
  3. ceiling() and floor() functions<\/li>\n
  4. exp() function<\/li>\n
  5. log() function<\/li>\n
  6. round() function<\/li>\n
  7. sqrt() function<\/li>\n
  8. trigonometric functions<\/li>\n
  9. factorial() function<\/li>\n
  10. sign() function<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    1. is.numeric() and as.numeric() Functions<\/h3>\n

    The is.numeric()<\/code><\/strong> function takes an object as an input argument and returns TRUE<\/code><\/strong> if the elements are of numeric type. For example:<\/p>\n

    But to implement functions thoroughly you must have clear understanding of vectors in R<\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    numvec <- c(11,23,52,12,4,34,27,45)\nis.numeric(numvec)<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \"is.numeric()<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
    The as.numeric()<\/code><\/strong> function coerces<\/strong> the input values to the numeric data type<\/strong><\/a>. For example:<\/p>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    intvec <- c(1L,2L,3L,4L)\ncharvec <- c(\"a\",\"b\",\"c\",\"d\")\nlogvec <- c(T,F,T,F,F,T,T,T)\ncompvec <- c(12+3i,6i,5+2i,4+9i)\nas.numeric(intvec)<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    [1] 1 2 3 4<\/div>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    as.numeric(charvec)<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    [1] NA NA NA NA
    \nWarning message:<\/span>
    \nNAs introduced by coercion<\/span><\/div>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    as.numeric(logvec)<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    [1] 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1<\/div>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    as.numeric(compvec)<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \n
    [1] 12 0 5 4<\/p>\n
    Warning message:<\/span>
    \nimaginary parts discarded in coercion<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
    \"as.numeric()<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
    Note<\/strong>: When characters are coerced into numeric data type, the result is NA<\/code><\/strong>. When complex values are coerced into numeric, their imaginary parts are removed.<\/p>\n
    2. abs() Function<\/h3>\n
    The abs()<\/code><\/strong> function returns the absolute value for the input numeric value. For example:<\/p>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    abs(-3.14)<\/pre>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    abs(c(14.4,-55.5,34.76,45.4,-4.34,-5.56,-45.13))<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \"abs()<\/a><\/p>\n
    3. ceiling() and floor() Functions<\/h3>\n
    The ceiling()<\/code><\/strong> function returns the lowest number that is greater than the input numeric value. The floor()<\/code><\/strong> function returns the largest number that is smaller than the input value. For example:<\/p>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    ceiling(c(14.4,-55.5,34.76,45.4,-4.34,-5.56,-45.13))<\/pre>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    floor(c(14.4,-55.5,34.76,45.4,-4.34,-5.56,-45.13))<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \"numeric<\/a><\/p>\n
    4. exp() Function<\/h3>\n
    The exp()<\/code><\/strong> function returns the exponential value \u2018e\u2019 raised to the power of the input numeric value. For example:<\/p>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    exp(5)<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \"exp()<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
    5. log() Function<\/h3>\n
    The log()<\/code><\/strong> function returns the logarithmic value for the input numeric values. For example:<\/p>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    log(14)<\/pre>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    log(14,base=2)<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \"log()<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
    6. round() Function<\/h3>\n
    The round()<\/code><\/strong> function rounds the given input numeric values to the number of specified digits. For example:<\/p>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    round(4.55231,digits=2)<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \"round()<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
    7. sqrt() Function<\/h3>\n
    The sqrt()<\/code><\/strong> function returns the square root of the input numeric value. For example:<\/p>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    sqrt(225)<\/pre>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    sqrt(9)<\/pre>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    sqrt(37)<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \"sqrt()<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
    8. Trigonometric Functions<\/h3>\n
    The trigonometric functions like cos()<\/code><\/strong>, sin()<\/code><\/strong>, tan()<\/code><\/strong>, etc. return the values of the trigonometric functions for the given input values. For example:<\/p>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    sin(34)<\/pre>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    cos(65)<\/pre>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    tan(23)<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \"trigonometric<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
    9. factorial() Function<\/h3>\n
    The factorial()<\/code><\/strong> function returns the factorial values of the given input numeric value. For example:<\/p>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    factorial(5)<\/pre>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    factorial(13)<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \"factorial()<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
    10. sign() Function<\/h3>\n
    The sign()<\/code><\/strong> function returns -1<\/code><\/strong> if the input argument is negative in nature and +1<\/code><\/strong> if the number is positive. For example:<\/p>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    sign(-5)<\/pre>\n
    Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    sign(10)<\/pre>\n
    Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \"sign()<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
    What are Character Functions?<\/h2>\n
    Vector Functions<\/strong><\/a> in R that take a character value or vector as input or return them as output are called character functions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    Here are a few character functions that we are going to study today:<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. is.character() and as.character() functions<\/li>\n
    2. substr() function<\/li>\n
    3. strsplit() function<\/li>\n
    4. toupper() and tolower() functions<\/li>\n
    5. paste() function<\/li>\n
    6. nchar() function<\/li>\n
    7. sub() function<\/li>\n
    8. abbreviate() function<\/li>\n
    9. trimws() function<\/li>\n
    10. grep() function<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      1. is.character() and as.character() Functions<\/h3>\n
      The is.character()<\/code><\/strong> function returns TRUE<\/code><\/strong> if the input value or object is of the character data type. The as.character()<\/code><\/strong> function converts the input values into the character data type. For example:<\/p>\n
      Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      is.character(\"hello\")<\/pre>\n
      Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      is.character(c(\"this\",\"is\",\"a\",\"character\",\"vector\"))<\/pre>\n
      Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \"is.character()<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
      Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      as.character(1234)<\/pre>\n
      Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      is.character(c(1,2,3,4,5,5))<\/pre>\n
      Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \"as.character()<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
      2. substr() Function<\/h3>\n
      The substr()<\/code><\/strong> function extracts a substring from a given string based on the start<\/code><\/strong> and stop<\/code><\/strong> arguments. For example:<\/p>\n
      Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      substr(\"this is a string\",start=3,stop=12)<\/pre>\n
      Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \"substr()<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
      Any queries in R numeric and character functions article till now? Ask TechVidvan<\/strong> experts in comments.<\/em><\/p>\n
      3. strsplit() Function<\/h3>\n
      The strsplit()<\/code><\/strong> function splits a string or vector of strings based on a regular expression or a fixed string. For example:<\/p>\n
      Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      strsplit(\"this is a string\",split=\" \")<\/pre>\n
      Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \"strsplit()<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
      4. toupper() and tolower() Functions<\/h3>\n
      The toupper()<\/code><\/strong> function in R<\/a> converts the input string or strings to the upper-case. The tolower()<\/code><\/strong> converts them to the lower-case. For example:<\/p>\n
      Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      strings <- c(\"these\",\"strings\",\"are\",\"in\",\"lower-case\")\ntoupper(strings2)<\/pre>\n
      Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      strings2 <- c(\"THIS\",\"IS\",\"A\",\"CHARACTER\",\"VECTOR\")\ntolower(strings)<\/pre>\n
      Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \"toupper()<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
      5. paste() Function<\/h3>\n
      The paste()<\/code><\/strong> function converts vectors into characters (if needed), and concatenates<\/strong> them into a character string or character vector. For example:<\/p>\n
      Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      x1_5 <- paste(\"x\",1:5,sep=\"_\")\nx1_5<\/pre>\n
      Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      coll_strings <- paste(strings,collapse=\" \")\n> coll_strings<\/pre>\n
      Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \"paste()<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
      Note<\/strong>: In the first example, the paste()<\/code><\/strong> function coerces the numeric values to characters and concatenates them to x with the sep<\/code><\/strong> between them. In the second example, the paste()<\/code><\/strong> function collapses the elements into a single string with the collapse<\/code><\/strong> argument between them.<\/p>\n
      6. nchar() Function<\/h3>\n
      The nchar()<\/code><\/strong> function counts the number of characters in a string. For example:<\/p>\n
      Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      nchar(coll_strings)<\/pre>\n
      Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \"nchar()<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
      7. sub() Function<\/h3>\n
      The sub()<\/code><\/strong> function replaces the first instance<\/strong> of a substring from a given string. For example:<\/p>\n
      Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      strings<\/pre>\n
      Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      sub(\"lower-case\",\"a vector\",strings)<\/pre>\n
      Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \"sub()<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
      8. abbreviate() Function<\/h3>\n
      The abbreviate()<\/code><\/strong> function abbreviates the strings inside the given character vectors. We can specify the minimum length of the abbreviations and also whether or not to use dots for each abbreviation. For example:<\/p>\n
      Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      countries <- c(\"greenland\",\"united kingdom\",\"united states\",\"india\",\"japan\")\n> countries_abb <- abbreviate(countries)\n> countries_abb<\/pre>\n
      Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \"abbreviate()<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
      9. trimws() Function<\/h3>\n
      The trimws()<\/code><\/strong> function removes leading or trailing whitespaces in a string. For example:<\/p>\n
      Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      stringws <- \" hello \"\n> stringws <- trimws(stringws)\n> stringws<\/pre>\n
      Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
      10. grep() Function<\/h3>\n
      The grep()<\/code><\/strong> function searches for a specific pattern of string in each element of a character vector. It returns the index<\/strong> of the elements containing the target string or pattern. For example:<\/p>\n
      Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      strings<\/pre>\n
      Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      grep(\"a\",strings)<\/pre>\n
      Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \"grep()<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
      Summary<\/h2>\n
      Today, we learned about various useful R functions<\/strong><\/a> that take inputs or return outputs as numeric or character values or vectors. These functions are important for calculations or string manipulations. They help us in performing operations on numeric or character variables in datasets.<\/p>\n
      After reading this TechVidvan<\/strong> tutorial, you should be able to use the above-listed functions. All you need is practice.<\/p>\n
      Any difficulty while practicing numeric and character functions in R programming?<\/p>\n
      Ask our TechVidvan<\/strong> experts.<\/p>\n
      Keep practicing!!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      In this R tutorial, we will learn about some built-in numeric functions and character functions that R provides. We will see their syntaxes and usages. We will also look at examples of these numeric...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":75673,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1020],"tags":[1403,1404,1405,1406,1407,1408,1409,1410],"class_list":["post-75632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-r","tag-grep-r","tag-log-r","tag-numeric-and-character-functions-in-r","tag-r-built-in-functions","tag-r-paste","tag-r-round","tag-r-sign","tag-r-strsplit"],"yoast_head":"\nNumeric and Character Functions in R - Explore Inbuilt Functions with Examples - TechVidvan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn some built-in numeric functions and character functions in R like log(), round(), grep(), sign(), paste() etc with examples, syntaxes and usages.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/r-numeric-and-character-functions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Numeric and Character Functions in R - 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