{"id":77590,"date":"2020-04-14T10:00:49","date_gmt":"2020-04-14T04:30:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/?p=77590"},"modified":"2020-04-14T10:00:49","modified_gmt":"2020-04-14T04:30:49","slug":"java-checked-and-unchecked-exception","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/java-checked-and-unchecked-exception\/","title":{"rendered":"Checked and Unchecked Exception in Java &#8211; Examples and Differences"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In our previous article, we have already discussed Java Exceptions. In that article, we covered the two types of exceptions\u00a0 which are <strong>Checked and Unchecked Exception in Java<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>In this article, we will discuss the difference between both of them along with the examples. Let\u2019s start with a detailed discussion on each of them separately.<\/p>\n<h3>What are Checked Exceptions in Java?<\/h3>\n<p>The exceptions that are checked during the compile-time are termed as <strong>Checked exceptions in Java.<\/strong> The Java compiler checks the checked exceptions during compilation to verify that a method that is throwing an exception contains the code to handle the exception with the try-catch block or not.<\/p>\n<p>And, if there is no code to handle them, then the compiler checks whether the method is declared using the throws keyword. And, if the compiler finds neither of the two cases, then it gives a compilation error. A checked exception extends the Exception class.<\/p>\n<h4>Examples of Java Checked Exceptions<\/h4>\n<p>For example, if we write a program to read data from a file using a FileReader class and if the file does not exist, then there is a FileNotFoundException.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Some checked Exceptions are<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SQLException<\/li>\n<li>IOException<\/li>\n<li>ClassNotFoundException<\/li>\n<li>InvocationTargetException<\/li>\n<li>FileNotfound Exception<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Code to illustrate the checked exception:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">package com.techvidvan.exceptions;\nimport java.io.File;\nimport java.io.FileReader;\npublic class CheckedExceptions\n{\n  public static void main(String args[])\n  {\n    File file = new File(\"\/home\/techvidvan\/file.txt\");\n    FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(file);\n    System.out.println(\"Successful\");\n  }\n}<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-output\">Exception in thread &#8220;main&#8221; java.lang.Error: Unresolved compilation problem:<br \/>\nUnhandled exception type FileNotFoundException<br \/>\nat project1\/com.techvidvan.exceptions.CheckedExceptions.main(CheckedExceptions.java:10)<\/div>\n<p>Now, if we use the <strong>throws<\/strong> keyword with the main then we will not get any error:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">package com.techvidvan.exceptions;\nimport java.io.*;\npublic class CheckedExceptions\n{\n  public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException\n  {\n    File file = new File(\"\/home\/techvidvan\/file.txt\");\n    FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(file);\n    System.out.println(\"Successful\");\n  }\n}<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-output\">Successful<\/div>\n<p>We can also fix the code using the <strong>try-catch<\/strong> block:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">import java.io.*;\npublic class Example\n{\n  public static void main(String args[])\n  {\n    FileInputStream fis = null;\n    try\n    {\n      fis = new FileInputStream(\"\/home\/techvidvan\/file.txt\");\n    }catch(FileNotFoundException fnfe)\n    {\n      System.out.println(\"The specified file is not \" +\n          \"present at the given path\");\n    }\n    int k;\n    try\n    {\n      while(( k = fis.read() ) != -1)\n      {\n        System.out.print((char)k);\n      }\n      fis.close();\n    }catch(IOException ioe)\n    {\n      System.out.println(\"I\/O error occurred: \"+ioe);\n    }\n  }\n}<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-output\">The specified file is not present at the given path<br \/>\nException in thread &#8220;main&#8221; java.lang.NullPointerException<br \/>\nat project1\/com.techvidvan.exceptions.Example.main(Example.java:15)<\/div>\n<h3>What are Java Unchecked Exceptions?<\/h3>\n<p>An exception that occurs during the execution of a program is called an unchecked or a runtime exception. The main cause of unchecked exceptions is mostly due to programming errors like attempting to access an element with an invalid index, calling the method with illegal arguments, etc.<\/p>\n<p>In Java, the direct parent class of Unchecked Exception <strong>RuntimeException.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Unlike the checked exceptions, the compiler generally ignores the unchecked exceptions during compilation. Unchecked exceptions are checked during the runtime. Therefore, the compiler does not check whether the user program contains the code to handle them or not.<\/p>\n<h4>Examples of Unchecked Exceptions in Java<\/h4>\n<p>For example, if a program attempts to divide a number by zero. Or, when there is an illegal arithmetic operation, this impossible event generates a runtime exception.<\/p>\n<p>Suppose, we declare an array of size 10 in a program, and try to access the 12th element of the array, or with a negative index like -5, then we get an ArrayIndexOutOfBounds exception.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Some unchecked exceptions are<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>ArithmeticException<\/li>\n<li>NullPointerException<\/li>\n<li>ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException<\/li>\n<li>NumberFormatException<\/li>\n<li>InputMismatchException<\/li>\n<li>IllegalStateException<\/li>\n<li>Missing Resource Exception<\/li>\n<li>No Such Element Exception<\/li>\n<li>Undeclared Throwable Exception<\/li>\n<li>Empty Stack Exception<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Code to illustrate the Unchecked Exception:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">package com.techvidvan.exceptions;\npublic class UnCheckedExceptions\n{\n  public static void main(String args[])\n  {\n    \/\/ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException\n    int array[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};\n    System.out.println(array[7]);\n\n  }\n}<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-output\">Exception in thread &#8220;main&#8221; java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 7 out of bounds for length 5<br \/>\nat project1\/com.techvidvan.exceptions.UnCheckedExceptions.main(UnCheckedExceptions.java:8)<\/div>\n<p><em><strong>Note:<\/strong> Though the compiler does not check these exceptions, it doesn\u2019t mean that we shouldn\u2019t handle them. In fact, we should handle them more carefully to provide a safe exit.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4>Comparison between Checked Exceptions and Java Unchecked Exception in Java<\/h4>\n<table class=\"tv-table-center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>S.N.<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Checked Exception<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Unchecked Exception<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>1<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Checked exceptions occur at compile time.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unchecked exceptions occur at runtime.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>2<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Also called Compile-time exceptions<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Also called Run-time exceptions<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>3<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The compiler checks a checked exception.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The compiler ignores the unchecked exceptions.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>4<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We can handle these types of exceptions during compilation.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We cannot catch or handle these exceptions during the compilation because they are generated by the mistakes in the program.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>5<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The compiler will give an error if the code does not handle the checked exceptions.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The compiler will never give an error if the code does not handle the unchecked exceptions.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>6<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They are the direct subclass of the Exception class.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They are runtime exceptions and hence are not a part of the Exception class and are the subclass of RuntimeException class<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>7<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">JVM needs to catch and handle the checked exception.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">JVM needs not catch and handle the unchecked exception.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>8<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Checked Exceptions mainly occur when the chances of failure are too high.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unchecked Exceptions mainly occur due to programming mistakes.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>9<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We can create user-defined checked exceptions by extending java.Lang.Exception class<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We can create user-defined Unchecked exceptions by extending RuntimeException class<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>10<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Examples of Checked exceptions:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">File Not Found Exception<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">No Such Field Exception<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SQL Exception<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">IO Exception<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Interrupted Exception<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">No Such Method Exception<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Class Not Found Exception<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Examples of Unchecked Exceptions:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Array Index Out of Bounds Exception<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">NumberFormatException<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">InputMismatchException\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">IllegalStateException<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Arithmetic Exception<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Null Pointer Exception<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Security Exception<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Exception Hierarchy<\/h4>\n<p>Java Exceptions are broadly divided into two parts: checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions. The following figure shows this Exception hierarchy in Java.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/04\/exception-hierarchy-in-java.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-78293\" src=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/04\/exception-hierarchy-in-java.jpg\" alt=\"exception hierarchy in java\" width=\"600\" height=\"510\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h5>When to use Checked and Unchecked Exception in java<\/h5>\n<p>According to the Oracle Java Documentation, there is a guide on when to use checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cIf a client can reasonably be expected to recover from an exception, make it a checked exception. If a client cannot do anything to recover from the exception, make it an unchecked exception.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>For example, we can first validate the input file name before opening the file. And if we provide the invalid name of the input, then we can throw the <strong>checked exception.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The below code snippet shows this:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">if (!isCorrectFileName(fileName))\n{\n       throw new IncorrectFileNameException(\"File name is invalid: \" + fileName );\n}<\/pre>\n<p>If the input file name is an empty string, it means there is an error in the code. In this case, we should throw an unchecked exception.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The below code snippet shows this:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">if (fileName == null || fileName.isEmpty())\n{\n       throw new NullOrEmptyException(\"The filename is null or empty.\");\n}<\/pre>\n<h3>Summary<\/h3>\n<p>Exceptions in Java may hinder the normal execution of a program. There are two kinds of exceptions in Java which are Checked or compile-time exceptions and Unchecked or runtime exceptions. In checked exceptions, we have to write the code to handle them otherwise the compiler gives an error.<\/p>\n<p>And, in runtime exceptions, it is not necessary to write the code to handle the exception and still, the compiler does not give any error. This article gave you the detailed points of differences between both these exceptions in Java. You might have understood when to use either of two exceptions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In our previous article, we have already discussed Java Exceptions. In that article, we covered the two types of exceptions\u00a0 which are Checked and Unchecked Exception in Java. In this article, we will discuss&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":78294,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[183],"tags":[2414,2206,2415,2416,2417,2418],"class_list":["post-77590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-java","tag-checked-and-unchecked-exception-in-java","tag-checked-exceptions-in-java","tag-difference-between-checked-and-unchecked-exceptions-in-java","tag-java-unchecked-exceptions","tag-unchecked-exceptions-in-java-with-example","tag-user-defined-exceptions-in-java"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Checked and Unchecked Exception in Java - Examples and Differences - TechVidvan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Checked and Unchecked Exception in Java-What are checked exceptions in java,Java unchecked exceptions with example.Learn java checked vs unchecked exception\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/java-checked-and-unchecked-exception\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Checked and Unchecked Exception in Java - Examples and Differences - TechVidvan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Checked and Unchecked Exception in Java-What are checked exceptions in java,Java unchecked exceptions with example.Learn java checked vs unchecked exception\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/java-checked-and-unchecked-exception\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TechVidvan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/TechVidvan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-04-14T04:30:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/checked-unchecked-exceptions-in-java.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"802\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"420\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"TechVidvan Team\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@vidvantech\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@vidvantech\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"TechVidvan Team\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Checked and Unchecked Exception in Java - Examples and Differences - TechVidvan","description":"Checked and Unchecked Exception in Java-What are checked exceptions in java,Java unchecked exceptions with example.Learn java checked vs unchecked exception","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/java-checked-and-unchecked-exception\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Checked and Unchecked Exception in Java - Examples and Differences - TechVidvan","og_description":"Checked and Unchecked Exception in Java-What are checked exceptions in java,Java unchecked exceptions with example.Learn java checked vs unchecked exception","og_url":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/java-checked-and-unchecked-exception\/","og_site_name":"TechVidvan","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/TechVidvan\/","article_published_time":"2020-04-14T04:30:49+00:00","og_image":[{"width":802,"height":420,"url":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/checked-unchecked-exceptions-in-java.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"TechVidvan Team","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@vidvantech","twitter_site":"@vidvantech","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"TechVidvan Team","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/java-checked-and-unchecked-exception\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/java-checked-and-unchecked-exception\/"},"author":{"name":"TechVidvan Team","@id":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/#\/schema\/person\/e9c26e74dd3d87421f7ada9433b8cd22"},"headline":"Checked and Unchecked Exception in Java &#8211; 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