{"id":77887,"date":"2020-04-01T17:22:04","date_gmt":"2020-04-01T11:52:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/?p=77887"},"modified":"2020-04-01T17:22:04","modified_gmt":"2020-04-01T11:52:04","slug":"data-manipulation-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/data-manipulation-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Data Manipulation in R – Alter, Sample, Reduce & Elaborate Datasets"},"content":{"rendered":"

In this R tutorial of TechVidvan\u2019s R tutorial series, we will learn the basics of data manipulation. We shall study the sort()<\/code><\/strong> and the order()<\/code><\/strong> functions that help in sorting or ordering the data according to desired specifications. Also, we will take a look at the different ways of making a subset of given data. Then, we shall study the working and uses of the sample function. Next up will be merging datasets, where we will look at the cbind()<\/code><\/strong>, rbind()<\/code><\/strong> and the merge()<\/code><\/strong> functions. Finally, we shall then study the apply()<\/code><\/strong> family of functions.<\/p>\n

As you can see, we have a packed schedule ahead of us. So, let\u2019s get started.<\/p>\n

Data Manipulation in R<\/h2>\n

\"data<\/a><\/p>\n

In a data analysis process, the data has to be altered, sampled, reduced or elaborated. Such actions are called data manipulation<\/strong>. Data has to be manipulated many times during any kind of analysis process. Performing mathematical calculations on a column or making a subset of the data for a predictive sample analysis everything counts as manipulating the data.<\/p>\n

Sorting and Ordering the Data<\/h3>\n

The sort()<\/code><\/strong> and the order()<\/code><\/strong> functions are included in the base package of R and are used to sort or order the data in the desired order. Let\u2019s take a look at these functions one-by-one.<\/p>\n

1. The sort function<\/h4>\n

The sort()<\/code><\/strong> function sorts<\/strong> the elements of a vector or a factor in increasing or decreasing order. The syntax of the sort function is:<\/p>\n

Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sort(x, decreasing = FALSE, na.last = NA, . . .)<\/pre>\n
Here,<\/p>\n