a. Class.forName():<\/strong> In this, we load the driver’s class file into memory during runtime. There is no need to use a new operator for the creation of an object. The following shows the use of Class.forName() to load the Oracle driver:<\/p>\nClass.forName(\u201coracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver\u201d);<\/pre>\nb. DriverManager.registerDriver():<\/strong> DriverManager is an inbuilt class of Java that comes with a static member register. We call the drivers class’ constructor at compile-time. The following example shows the use of DriverManager.registerDriver() to register the Oracle driver:<\/p>\nDriverManager.registerDriver(new oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver())<\/pre>\n2. Create the connections<\/h4>\n
After loading the driver, we need to establish connections using the following code:<\/p>\n
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password)<\/pre>\n
\n- user: username from which sql command prompt can be accessed.<\/li>\n
- password: password from which sql command prompt can be accessed.<\/li>\n
- con: reference to Connection interface.<\/li>\n
- url : Uniform Resource Locator. We can create it as follows:<\/li>\n
- String url = \u201c jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Where oracle is the database, thin is the driver, @localhost is the IP Address where the database is stored, 1521 is the port number, and xe is the service provider. All three parameters are of String type and the programmer should declare them before calling the function.<\/p>\n
3. Create a statement<\/h4>\n
Once you establish a connection, you can interact with the database. The JDBCStatement, CallableStatement, and PreparedStatement interfaces define the methods that allow us to send the SQL commands and receive data from the database.<\/p>\n
Use of JDBC Statement is as follows:<\/p>\n
Statement statement = con.createStatement()<\/pre>\nHere, con is a reference to the Connection interface that we used in the previous step.<\/p>\n
4. Execute the query<\/h4>\n
The most crucial part is executing the query. Here, Query is an SQL Query. Now, as we know that we can have multiple types of queries. Some of them are as follows:<\/p>\n
\n- The query for updating or inserting tables in a database.<\/li>\n
- The query for retrieving data from the database.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The executeQuery() method of the Statement interface executes queries of retrieving values from the database. The executeQuery() method returns the object of ResultSet that we can use to get all the records of a table.<\/p>\n
5. Close the connections<\/h4>\n
Till now, we have sent the data to the specified location. Now, we are about to complete our task. We need to close the connection. By closing the connection, objects of Statement and ResultSet interface are automatically closed. The close() method of Connection interface closes the connection.<\/p>\n
Example :<\/strong><\/p>\ncon.close();<\/pre>\nImplementation<\/h3>\npackage com.techvidvan.jdbctutorial;\nimport java.sql. * ;\nimport java.util. * ;\nclass JDBCTutorial {\n public static void main(String a[]) {\n \/\/Creating the connection \n String url = \"jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe\";\n String user = \"system\";\n String pass = \"12345\";\n\n \/\/Entering the data \n Scanner sc = new Scanner(System. in );\n System.out.println(\"Enter name:\");\n String name = sc.next();\n System.out.println(\"Enter Roll number:\");\n int rollNumber = sc.nextInt();\n System.out.println(\"Enter class:\");\n String cls = sc.next();\n\n \/\/Inserting data using SQL query \n String sql = \"insert into student values('\" + name + \"',\" + rollNumber + \",'\" + cls + \"')\";\n Connection con = null;\n try {\n DriverManager.registerDriver(new oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver());\n\n \/\/Reference to connection interface \n con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pass);\n\n Statement st = con.createStatement();\n int result = st.executeUpdate(sql);\n if (result == 1) System.out.println(\"Inserted successfully: \" + sql);\n else System.out.println(\"Insertion failed\");\n con.close();\n }\n catch(Exception e) {\n System.err.println(e);\n }\n }\n}<\/pre>\nOutput:<\/strong><\/p>\nEnter name:
\nShreya
\nEnter Roll number:
\n123
\nEnter class:
\n8C
\nInserted successfully: insert into student values(‘Shreya’, ‘123’, ‘8C’)<\/div>\n
Working of JDBC<\/h3>\n
Now, moving ahead in this JDBC Tutorial, let us learn working of JDBC. A Java application that communicates with the database requires programming using JDBC API.<\/p>\n
We need to add Supporting data sources of JDBC Driver such as Oracle and SQL server in Java application for JDBC support. We can do this dynamically at run time. This JDBC driver intelligently interacts with the respective data source.<\/p>\n
Creating a simple JDBC application<\/h3>\npackage com.techvidvan.jdbctutorial;\nimport java.sql. * ;\npublic class JDBCTutorial {\n public static void main(String args[]) throws ClassNotFoundException,\n SQLException,\n {\n String driverName = \"sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver\";\n String url = \"jdbc:odbc:XE\";\n String username = \"John\";\n String password = \"john12\";\n String query1 = \"insert into students values(101, 'Pooja')\";\n\n \/\/Load the driver class \n Class.forName(driverName);\n\n \/\/Obtaining a connection \n Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);\n\n \/\/Obtaining a statement \n Statement stmt = con.createStatement();\n\n \/\/Executing the query \n int count = stmt.executeUpdate(query1);\n System.out.println(\"The number of rows affected by this query= \" + count);\n\n \/\/Closing the connection \n con.close();\n }\n}<\/pre>\nThe above example shows the basic steps to access a database using JDBC. We used the JDBC-ODBC bridge driver to connect to the database. We have to import the java.sql package that provides basic SQL functionality.<\/p>\n
Principal JDBC Interfaces and Classes<\/h3>\n
Let us take an overview look at the principal interfaces and classes of JDBC. They are all present in the java.sql package.<\/p>\n
1. Class.forName()<\/h4>\n
This method loads the driver\u2019s class file into memory at runtime. There is no need to use new or creation of objects.<\/p>\n
Class.forName(\"oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver\");<\/pre>\n2. DriverManager<\/h4>\n
The DriverManager class registers drivers for a specific database type. For example, Oracle Database in this tutorial. This class also establishes a database connection with the server using its getConnection() method.<\/p>\n
3. Connection<\/h4>\n
The Connection interface represents an established database connection. Using this connection, we can create statements to execute queries and retrieve results. We can also get metadata about the database, close the connection, etc.<\/p>\n
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection\n(\"jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl\", \"login1\", \"pwd1\");\n<\/pre>\n4. Statement and PreparedStatement<\/h4>\n
The Statement and PreparedStatement interfaces execute a static SQL query and parameterized SQL queries. The statement interface is the super interface of the PreparedStatement interface. The commonly used methods of these interfaces are:<\/p>\n
a. boolean execute(String sql):<\/strong> This method executes a general SQL statement. It returns true if the query returns a ResultSet and false if the query returns nothing. We can use this method with a Statement only.<\/p>\nb. int executeUpdate(String sql):<\/strong> This method executes an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement. It then returns an updated account showing the number of rows affected. For example, 1 row inserted, or 2 rows updated, or 0 rows affected, etc.<\/p>\nc. ResultSet executeQuery(String sql):<\/strong> This method executes a SELECT statement and returns an object of ResultSet. This returned object contains results returned by the query.<\/p>\n5. ResultSet<\/h4>\n
The ResultSet is an interface that contains table data returned by a SELECT query. We use the object of ResultSet to iterate over rows using the next() method.<\/p>\n
6. SQLException<\/h4>\n
The SQLException class is a checked exception. We declare it to so all the above methods can throw this exception. We have to provide a mechanism to explicitly catch this exception when we call the methods of the above classes.<\/p>\n
Implementing Insert Statement in JDBC<\/h3>\npackage com.techvidvan.jdbctutorial;\nimport java.sql. * ;\npublic class InsertStatementDemo {\n public static void main(String args[]) {\n String id = \"id1\";\n String password = \"pswd1\";\n String fullname = \"TechVidvan\";\n String email = \"techvidvan.com\";\n\n try {\n Class.forName(\"oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver\");\n Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(\" \n jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl\", \"login1\", \"pswd1\");\n Statement stmt = con.createStatement();\n\n \/\/ Inserting data in database \n String s1 = \"insert into userid values('\" + id + \"', '\" + password + \"', '\" + fullname + \"', '\" + email + \"')\";\n int result = stmt.executeUpdate(s1);\n if (result > 0) System.out.println(\"Successfully Registered\");\n else System.out.println(\"Insertion Failed\");\n con.close();\n }\n catch(Exception e) {\n System.out.println(e);\n }\n }\n}<\/pre>\nOutput:<\/strong><\/p>\nSuccessfully Registered<\/div>\n
Implementing Update Statement in JDBC<\/h3>\npackage com.techvidvan.jdbctutorial;\nimport java.sql. * ;\npublic class UpdateStatementDemo {\n public static void main(String args[]) {\n String id = \"id1\";\n String password = \"pswd1\";\n String newPassword = \"newpswd\";\n try {\n Class.forName(\"oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver\");\n Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(\" \n jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl\", \"login1\", \"pswd1\");\n Statement stmt = con.createStatement();\n\n \/\/ Updating database \n String s1 = \"UPDATE userid set password = '\" + newPassword + \"' WHERE id = '\" + id + \"' AND password = '\" + password + \"'\";\n int result = stmt.executeUpdate(s1);\n\n if (result > 0) System.out.println(\"Password Updated Successfully \");\n else System.out.println(\"Error Occured!!Could not update\");\n con.close();\n }\n catch(Exception e) {\n System.out.println(e);\n }\n }\n}<\/pre>\nOutput:<\/strong><\/p>\nPassword Updated Successfully<\/div>\n
Implementing Delete Statement in JDBC<\/h3>\npackage com.techvidvan.jdbctutorial;\nimport java.sql. * ;\npublic class DeleteStatementDemo {\n public static void main(String args[]) {\n String id = \"id2\";\n String password = \"pswd\";\n try {\n Class.forName(\"oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver\");\n Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(\" \n jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl\", \"login1\", \"pswd1\");\n Statement stmt = con.createStatement();\n\n \/\/Deleting from database \n String s1 = \"DELETE from userid WHERE id = '\" + id + \"' AND password = '\" + pswd + \"'\";\n\n int result = stmt.executeUpdate(s1);\n\n if (result > 0) System.out.println(\"One User Successfully Deleted\");\n else System.out.println(\"Error Occured!!Could not delete\");\n\n con.close();\n }\n catch(Exception e) {\n System.out.println(e);\n }\n }\n}<\/pre>\nOutput:<\/strong><\/p>\nOne User Successfully Deleted<\/div>\n
Implementing Select Statement in JDBC<\/h3>\npackage com.techvidvan.jdbctutorial;\nimport java.sql. * ;\npublic class SelectStatementDemo {\n public static void main(String args[]) {\n String id = \"id1\";\n String password = \"pwd1\";\n try {\n Class.forName(\"oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver\");\n Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(\" \n jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl\", \"login1\", \"pwd1\");\n Statement stmt = con.createStatement();\n\n \/\/SELECT query \n String s1 = \"select * from userid WHERE id = '\" + id + \"' AND pwd = '\" + pwd + \"'\";\n ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(s1);\n if (rs.next()) {\n System.out.println(\"User-id: \" + rs.getString(1));\n System.out.println(\"Full Name: \" + rs.getString(3));\n System.out.println(\"E-mail: \" + rs.getString(4));\n }\n else {\n System.out.println(\"This id is already registered\");\n }\n con.close();\n }\n catch(Exception e) {\n System.out.println(e);\n }\n }\n}<\/pre>\nOutput:<\/strong><\/p>\nUser-Id: id1
\nFull Name: TechVidvan
\nE-mail: techvidvan.com<\/div>\n
Conclusion<\/h3>\n
In this JDBC tutorial, we learned how to perform the various database operations in Java. We also discussed various programs and steps of Connecting to a database.<\/p>\n
Then we learned to execute the INSERT statement, the SELECT Statement, the UPDATE statement, AND the DELETE statement with an example program. We covered the architecture and components of JDBC.<\/p>\n
We hope this article will surely help you in performing database operations in Java.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
In this JDBC tutorial, we will learn about the Performing Database Operations in Java using the JDBC API (SQL CREATE, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and SELECT). We will look at the process of connecting Java...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":79327,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[183],"tags":[2958,2959,2960,2961],"class_list":["post-79231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-java","tag-java-jdbc","tag-java-jdbc-tutorial","tag-jdbc-architecture","tag-jdbc-tutorial"],"yoast_head":"\n
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![\"Components](\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/06\/Components-of-JDBC.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\n