{"id":79296,"date":"2020-07-04T09:00:21","date_gmt":"2020-07-04T03:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/?p=79296"},"modified":"2020-07-04T09:00:21","modified_gmt":"2020-07-04T03:30:21","slug":"python-string-functions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/python-string-functions\/","title":{"rendered":"Python String Functions with Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"

Strings are everywhere! While interacting with the user, i.e., while getting input<\/strong> or displaying output<\/strong>, you\u2019ll use strings more than any other data structure.<\/p>\n

In this article, you\u2019ll learn what Python strings are and how you can manipulate<\/strong> and use them in your Python program with Python String Functions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Strings in Python<\/h3>\n

A single character<\/strong> or a sequence of characters<\/strong> identify as strings in Python. Strings are one of the primitive data structures<\/strong> in Python.<\/p>\n

A very important thing while working with strings is that strings are \u201cimmutable\u201d<\/strong>. That is, once we create a string, we cannot change its value<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

So to manipulate strings, we\u2019ll need to create<\/strong> new strings as we go, while the original<\/strong> strings stay intact<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

How to Spot Python String?<\/h3>\n

We always enclose a string within quotes<\/strong>, either single-quotes<\/strong> or double-quotes<\/strong>. There can be as many characters in a string as you want, given there\u2019s enough memory<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

For Example<\/strong><\/p>\n

>>> \"This is a string\"\n<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
‘This is a string’<\/div>\n
>>> 'This is a string'<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
‘This is a string’<\/div>\n
Python also allows empty string<\/strong> in Python.<\/p>\n
>>> ''<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
”<\/div>\n
>>> \"\"<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
”<\/div>\n
We can assign a string to a variable using the assignment operator<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
>>> x = \"Techvidvan\"\n>>> print(x)\n<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
Techvidvan<\/div>\n
Python String Indexing<\/h3>\n
Recall that a string is just a sequence<\/strong> of characters. And like any other sequence in Python, strings support indexing<\/strong> too. That is, we can access individual characters of a string using a numeric index<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
Python starts counting from zero<\/strong> when it comes to numbering index locations<\/strong> of a sequence. So the first character of a string is at index 0<\/strong>, the second character at index 1<\/strong> and so on. We also have negative indices<\/strong> which count from right to left<\/strong>, starting with -1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
Indexing uses square bracket notation<\/strong>. So this is how we access a character at index ind<\/strong> of a string my_string<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
my_string[ind]<\/pre>\n
For Example<\/strong><\/p>\n
>>> say = \"Hi from Techvidvan!\"\n>>> say[0]\n'H'\n>>> say[3]\n'f'\n>>> say[5]\n'o'\n>>> say[-1]\n'!'\n>>> say[-3]\n'a'\n>>> say[-5]\n'd'\n>>> \n<\/pre>\n
Python String Slicing<\/h3>\n
We can extend the square bracket notation<\/strong> to access a substring(slice)<\/strong> of a string. We can specify start<\/strong>, stop<\/strong> and step(optional)<\/strong> within the square brackets<\/strong> as:<\/p>\n
my_string[start:stop:step]<\/pre>\n
    \n
  • start:<\/strong> It is the index from where the slice starts. The default value is 0<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
  • stop:<\/strong> It is the index at which the slice stops. The character at this index is not included in the slice. The default value is the length of the string<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
  • step:<\/strong> It specifies the number of jumps to take while going from start to stop. It takes the default value of 1<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    For Example<\/strong><\/p>\n
    >>> say = \"Hi from Techvidvan!\"\n>>> say[3:6]\n'fro'\n>>> say[:10]\n'Hi from Te'\n>>> say[4:]\n'rom Techvidvan!'\n>>> say[1:11:3]\n'ir c'\n>>> say[::2]\n'H rmTcvda!'\n>>> say[::-1]\n'!navdivhceT morf iH'\n>>> \n<\/pre>\n
    Python String Operations<\/h3>\n
    1. Python + operator – String Concatenation operator<\/h4>\n
    The + operator<\/strong> joins<\/strong> all the operand strings and returns a concatenated string<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    For Example<\/strong><\/p>\n
    >>> x = \"This is \"\n>>> y = \"Python\"\n>>> z = x + y + '.'\n>>> print(z)\n<\/pre>\n
    Output <\/strong><\/p>\n
    This is Python.<\/div>\n
    2. Python * operator – String Replication operator<\/h4>\n
    The * operator<\/strong> takes two <\/strong>operands – a string<\/strong> and an integer<\/strong>. It then returns a new string<\/strong> which is a number of repetitions<\/strong> of the input string. The integer operand specifies<\/strong> the number of repetitions.<\/p>\n
    For Example<\/strong><\/p>\n
    >>> x = 3 * \"Hi!\"\n>>> print(x)\n<\/pre>\n
    Output <\/strong><\/p>\n
    Hi!Hi!Hi!<\/div>\n
    >>> y = \"Go!\" * 3\n>>> print(y)\n<\/pre>\n
    Output <\/strong><\/p>\n
    Go!Go!Go!<\/div>\n
    String Methods in Python<\/h3>\n
    Everything in Python is an object<\/strong>. A string<\/strong> is an object too. Python provides us with various methods to call on<\/strong> the string object.<\/p>\n
    Let\u2019s look at each one of them.<\/p>\n
    Note that none of these methods alters<\/strong> the actual string. They instead return a copy<\/strong> of the string.This copy is the manipulated version<\/strong> of the string.<\/p>\n
    1. s.capitalize() in Python<\/h4>\n
    Capitalizes<\/strong> a string<\/p>\n
    >>> s = \"heLLo BuDdY\"\n>>> s2 = s.capitalize()\n>>> print(s2)\n<\/pre>\n
    Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
    Hello buddy<\/div>\n
    2. s.lower() in Python<\/h4>\n
    Converts all alphabetic characters to lowercase<\/strong><\/p>\n
    >>> s = \"heLLo BuDdY\"\n>>> s2 = s.lower()\n>>> print(s2)\n<\/pre>\n
    Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
    hello buddy<\/div>\n
    3. s.upper() in Python<\/h4>\n
    Converts all alphabetic characters to uppercase<\/strong><\/p>\n
    >>> s = \"heLLo BuDdY\"\n>>> s2 = s.upper()\n>>> print(s2)\n<\/pre>\n
    Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
    HELLO BUDDY<\/div>\n
    4. s.title() in Python<\/h4>\n
    Converts the first letter<\/strong> of each word to uppercase<\/strong> and remaining letters to lowercase<\/p>\n
    >>> s = \"heLLo BuDdY\"\n>>> s2 = s.title()\n>>> print(s2)\n<\/pre>\n
    Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
    Hello Buddy<\/div>\n
    5. s.swapcase() in Python<\/h4>\n
    Swaps<\/strong> case of all alphabetic characters.<\/p>\n
    >>> s = \"heLLo BuDdY\"\n>>> s2 = s.swapcase()\n>>> print(s2)\n<\/pre>\n
    Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
    ‘HEllO bUdDy’<\/div>\n
    6. s.count(<sub>[, <start>[, <end>]])<\/h4>\n
    Returns the number of time<\/strong> <sub> occurs in s.<\/p>\n
    For Example<\/strong><\/p>\n
    >>> s = 'Dread Thread Spread'\n>>> s.count('e')\n3\n>>> s.count('rea')\n3\n>>> s.count('e', 4, 18)\n2\n>>><\/pre>\n
    7. s.find(<sub>[, <start>[, <end>]])<\/h4>\n
    Returns the index of the first\u00a0<\/strong>occurrence<\/b>\u00a0of <sub> in s. Returns -1 if the substring is not present in the string.<\/p>\n
    For Example<\/strong><\/p>\n
    >>> s = 'Dread Thread Spread'\n>>> s.find('Thr')\n6\n>>> s.find('rea')\n1\n>>> s.find('rea', 4, 18)\n8\n>>> s.find('x')\n-1\n>>> \n<\/pre>\n
    8. s.isalnum() in Python<\/h4>\n
    Returns True if all characters of the string are alphanumeric<\/strong>, i.e., letters<\/strong> or numbers<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    For Example<\/strong><\/p>\n
    >>> s = \"Tech50\"\n>>> s.isalnum()\nTrue\n>>> s = \"Tech\"\n>>> s.isalnum()\nTrue\n>>> s = \"678\"\n>>> s.isalnum()\nTrue\n<\/pre>\n
    9. Python s.isalpha()<\/h4>\n
    Returns True if all the characters in the string are alphabets<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    For Example<\/strong><\/p>\n
    >>> s = \"Techvidvan\"\n>>> s2 = \"Tech50\"\n>>> s.isalpha()\nTrue\n>>> s2.isalpha()\nFalse\n>>> \n<\/pre>\n
    10. Python s.isdigit()<\/h4>\n
    Returns True if all the characters in the string are numbers<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    For Example<\/strong><\/p>\n
    >>> s1 = \"Tech50\"\n>>> s2 = \"56748\"\n>>> s1.isdigit()\nFalse\n>>> s2.isdigit()\nTrue\n>>>\n<\/pre>\n
    11. s.islower()<\/h4>\n
    Returns True if all the alphabets in the string are lowercase<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    For Example<\/strong><\/p>\n
    >>> s1 = \"Tech\"\n>>> s2 = \"tech\"\n>>> s1.islower()\nFalse\n>>> s2.islower()\nTrue\n>>>\n<\/pre>\n
    12. s.isupper()<\/h4>\n
    Returns True if all the alphabets in the string are uppercase<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    For Example<\/strong><\/p>\n
    >>> s1 = \"Tech\"\n>>> s2 = \"TECH\"\n>>> s1.isupper()\nFalse\n>>> s2.isupper()\nTrue\n<\/pre>\n
    13. s.lstrip([<chars>])<\/h4>\n
    Removes leading characters<\/strong> from a string. Removes leading<\/strong> whitespaces<\/strong> if you don\u2019t provide a <chars> argument<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    14. s.rstrip([<chars>])<\/h4>\n
    Removes trailing characters<\/strong> from a string. Removes trailing<\/strong> whitespaces<\/strong> if you don\u2019t provide a <chars> argument<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    15. s.strip([<chars>])<\/h4>\n
    Removes leading and trailing characters<\/strong> from a string. Removes leading and trailing whitespaces<\/strong> if you don\u2019t provide a <chars> argument<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    Example of lstrip(), rstrip() and strip():<\/strong><\/p>\n
    >>> s = \"   Techvidvan   \"\n>>> s.lstrip()\n'Techvidvan   '\n>>> s.rstrip()\n'   Techvidvan'\n>>> s.strip()\n'Techvidvan'\n>>> \n<\/pre>\n
    16. s.join(<iterable>)<\/h4>\n
    Joins elements of an iterable<\/strong> into a single string<\/strong>. Here, s<\/strong> is the separator<\/strong> string.<\/p>\n
    Example<\/strong><\/p>\n
    >>> s1 = ' '.join(['We', 'are', 'Coders'])\n>>> print(s1)\nWe are Coders\n>>> s2 = ':'.join(['We', 'are', 'Coders'])\n>>> print(s2)\nWe:are:Coders\n>>> \n<\/pre>\n
    17. s.split(sep = None, maxspit = -1)<\/h4>\n
    Splits<\/strong> a string into a list of substrings<\/strong> based on sep<\/strong>. If you don\u2019t pass a value to sep, it splits based on whitespaces<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    Example<\/strong><\/p>\n
    >>> l = 'we are      coders'.split()\n>>> l\n['we', 'are', 'coders']\n>>> l = 'we are      coders'.split('e')\n>>> l\n['w', ' ar', '      cod', 'rs']\n<\/pre>\n
    Summary<\/h3>\n
    In this article, we learned what Python strings<\/strong> are. We also learned how to spot<\/strong> a string in Python program.<\/p>\n
    Then we saw the ways to access<\/strong> an individual character<\/strong> or a slice of characters<\/strong> from a string. We learned the different operations<\/strong> we can perform on strings in Python.<\/p>\n
    Lastly, we saw how to manipulate<\/strong> strings using built-in<\/strong> methods.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Strings are everywhere! While interacting with the user, i.e., while getting input or displaying output, you\u2019ll use strings more than any other data structure. In this article, you\u2019ll learn what Python strings are and...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":79380,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1053],"tags":[2993,2994,1156,1157,2995],"class_list":["post-79296","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","tag-python-string-concatenation","tag-python-string-functions","tag-python-string-length","tag-python-strings","tag-python-strings-tutorial"],"yoast_head":"\nPython String Functions with Examples - TechVidvan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn what are strings in python,How to spot string in Python,String Indexing,String Slicing,String methods, String Operations - concatenation, replication.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/python-string-functions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Python String Functions with Examples - 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