{"id":80942,"date":"2021-06-11T09:00:10","date_gmt":"2021-06-11T03:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/?p=80942"},"modified":"2021-06-11T09:00:10","modified_gmt":"2021-06-11T03:30:10","slug":"data-types-in-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/techvidvan.com\/tutorials\/data-types-in-c\/","title":{"rendered":"Data Types in C"},"content":{"rendered":"

Data types provide a valuable role to declare variables or functions of different types in all programming languages.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. If you provide the data type then based on your data type, it makes it easy to return the value of a function.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. It helps a lot when you declare a variable. It becomes easy to differentiate within the data types.<\/span><\/p>\n

What are Data Types in C?<\/h3>\n

Data types provide a helping hand to the compiler by checking which type of data is being entered by the programmer. C programming language makes it easy for a programmer to use various types of data in their programs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

These are the following data types in C:-\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Basic Data Type:<\/strong>– It includes integer types and floating-point types.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Enumeration Data Type<\/strong>:- They are used for defining a variable that can only assign separate integer values.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Void Data Type:<\/strong>– If you see the type is <\/span>void then it means that no value is available.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Derived Data Type:<\/strong>– Further categorized into pointer types, array types, structure types, union types etc.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Types<\/b><\/td>\nData Types<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Basic Data Type<\/span><\/td>\nint, char, float, double<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Derived Data Type<\/span><\/td>\narray, pointer, structure, union<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Enumeration Data Type<\/span><\/td>\nenum<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Void Data Type<\/span><\/td>\nvoid<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

C Data Types<\/h3>\n

In the C programming language, various types of data are available.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Primitive data types<\/p>\n

2. User-defined data types<\/p>\n

3. Derived data types<\/p>\n

Below are the examples of some common data types used in C:<\/p>\n

1. int (for integer data)<\/span><\/p>\n

2. char (for character data)<\/span><\/p>\n

3. float (for floating point numbers)<\/span><\/p>\n

4. double (double precision floating point numbers)<\/span><\/p>\n

5. void<\/p>\n

These data types have different ranges up to which they can store numbers. In addition to these data types, there are few more data types available in the C++ programming language:-<\/span><\/p>\n

1. bool:- It is a boolean value. It can be either true or false.<\/p>\n

2. wchar_t:- It is more like the character data type. But it is a wide character. The purpose of this data type is to represent characters which require more memory.<\/p>\n

3. string:- String is generally a sequence of characters. And it is also a data type.<\/p>\n

1. Integer Data Types in C<\/h4>\n

int means Integer. Integers can have positive or negative values but no decimal values. For declaring integer variables, use int.<\/p>\n

For Example:<\/p>\n

int age;<\/pre>\n
Syntax for declaring multiple variables:-<\/p>\n
int age,number;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Type<\/b><\/td>\nRange<\/b><\/td>\nFormat Specifier<\/b><\/td>\nSize<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
int<\/span><\/td>\n-2,147,483,648<\/span><\/p>\n
to 2,147,483,647<\/span><\/td>\n
%d<\/span><\/td>\nat least 2, usually 4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
short int<\/span><\/td>\n-32,768 to 32,767<\/span><\/td>\n%hd<\/span><\/td>\n2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
unsigned int<\/span><\/td>\n0 to 4,294,967,295<\/span><\/td>\n%u<\/span><\/td>\nat least 2, usually 4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
long int<\/span><\/td>\n-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647<\/span><\/td>\n%ld<\/span><\/td>\nat least 4, usually 8<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
long long int<\/span><\/td>\n-(2^63) to (2^63)-1<\/span><\/td>\n%lld<\/span><\/td>\nat least 8<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
unsigned long int<\/span><\/td>\n0 to 4,294,967,295<\/span><\/td>\n%lu<\/span><\/td>\nat least 4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
unsigned long long int<\/span><\/td>\n0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615<\/span><\/td>\n%llu<\/span><\/td>\nat least 8<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
signed int<\/span><\/td>\n\u221232,768 to 32,767<\/span><\/td>\n%d<\/span><\/td>\n2 bytes<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
signed short int<\/span><\/td>\n\u221232,768 to 32,767<\/span><\/td>\n%d<\/span><\/td>\n2 bytes<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
unsigned short int<\/span><\/td>\n0 to 65,535<\/span><\/td>\n%hu<\/span><\/td>\n2 bytes<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
signed long int<\/span><\/td>\n-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647<\/span><\/td>\n%ld<\/span><\/td>\n4 bytes<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
short<\/span><\/td>\n-32,768 to 32,767<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n2 bytes<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
long<\/span><\/td>\n-9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807<\/span><\/td>\n%ld<\/span><\/td>\n8 bytes<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
unsigned long<\/span><\/td>\n0 to 18446744073709551615<\/span><\/td>\n%u<\/span><\/td>\n8 bytes<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
2. Floating data types in C<\/h4>\n
The purpose of<\/span> float data type in C is to hold real numbers.<\/span><\/p>\n
Syntax for declaring a float variable:-<\/p>\n
float ratio;<\/pre>\n
To know more about the Integer types, take a look at the following table.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Type<\/b><\/td>\nSize<\/b><\/td>\nFormat Specifiers<\/b><\/td>\nRange of Value<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
float<\/span><\/td>\n4 byte<\/span><\/td>\n%f<\/span><\/td>\n1.2E-38 to 3.4E+38<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
double<\/span><\/td>\n8 byte<\/span><\/td>\n%lf<\/span><\/td>\n2.3E-308 to 1.7E+308<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Long double<\/span><\/td>\n10 byte<\/span><\/td>\n%Lf<\/span><\/td>\n3.4E-4932 to 1.1E+4932<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
The difference between float and double is that the size of float is 4 bytes and the size of double is 8 bytes.<\/p>\n
3. Character Data Types in C<\/h4>\n
The purpose of these data types is to store single characters. The size of char is 1 bytes.<\/p>\n
Syntax for declaring:-<\/p>\n
char TechVidvan = 'D';<\/pre>\n
Following is the table to know more about the character data types.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Type<\/b><\/td>\nSize<\/b><\/td>\nFormat Specifiers<\/b><\/td>\nRange of Value<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
char<\/span><\/td>\n1 byte<\/span><\/td>\n%c<\/span><\/td>\n-128 to 127 or 0 to 255<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
signed char<\/span><\/td>\n1 byte<\/span><\/td>\n%c<\/span><\/td>\n-128 to 127<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
unsigned char<\/span><\/td>\n1 byte<\/span><\/td>\n%c<\/span><\/td>\n0 to 255<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
a.\u00a0 Short and long Data Types in C<\/h5>\n
Suppose, a programmer wants to use large numbers on their code then they can use the type specifier named <\/span>long.<\/p>\n
Syntax of long:<\/strong><\/p>\n
long j; \/\/ for storing integer values\nlong long o; \/\/ for storing integer values\nlong double p; \/\/ for storing floating point values<\/pre>\n
But if you want to use small integer numbers then you can use a short type specifier.<\/p>\n
Syntax of short:<\/strong><\/p>\n
short a;<\/pre>\n
b. signed and unsigned Data types in\u00a0 C<\/h5>\n
With signed and unsigned type modifiers, a programmer can modify the data storage of a data type.<\/p>\n
Syntax:-<\/strong><\/p>\n
unsigned int b;\nint a;<\/pre>\n
We already know that the size of int is 4 bytes. And the variable a can hold values from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. But variable b can hold values from 0 to 4,294,967,295.<\/p>\n
User-Defined Data Types in C<\/h3>\n
1. Structure<\/strong>:- To declare a structure variable, use the struct keyword. It stores different data types. A way to combine data of different types.<\/p>\n
2. Enum<\/strong>:- To define enums, use the enum keyword. It consists of integer values.<\/p>\n
3. Union<\/strong>:- Union is like Structure. But union uses less memory. It stores a package of different types of data.<\/p>\n
Derived Data Types in C<\/h3>\n
1. Arrays<\/strong>:- Arrays store multiple items of the same data type. It is a collection of items stored at contiguous memory locations.<\/p>\n
2. Pointers<\/strong>:- A powerful feature of c. It helps in accessing the memory and their addresses on the memory.<\/p>\n
3. References<\/strong>:- Mainly used to return the pointer address of the variable.<\/p>\n
4. Functions<\/strong>:- C programming language gives many built-in functions like printf(), scanf() etc. But you can also create your own function. It is a group of statements to perform specific tasks.<\/p>\n
Void Data Type in C<\/h3>\n
It means no value available. The use of this data type is to assign null or no return value while declaring a function.<\/p>\n
Variable Declaration in C<\/h4>\n
#include <stdio.h>\nint main()\n{\n    int a = 1337; \/\/ Declaring Integer type Variable\n    float b = 65.24; \/\/ Declaring float type Variable\n    char ex = 'T'; \/\/ Declaring char type Variable\n    long d = 41657; \/\/ Declaring long +ve integer type Variable\n    long e = -21556; \/\/ Declaring long -ve integer type Variable\n}<\/pre>\n
Size of Operator in C<\/h4>\n
If you want to check the size of data types available in C then you can do it by using sizeof() operator. Below is the code to show the storage sizes of int, char and float data types.<\/p>\n
#include <stdio.h>\nint main()\n{\n  printf(\"Sizes of int, char and float...\\n\");\n  printf(\"int is: %d bytes\\n\", sizeof(int));\n  printf(\"char is: %d bytes\\n\", sizeof(char));\n  printf(\"float is: %d bytes\\n\", sizeof(float));\n  return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
Sizes of int, char and float…
\nint is: 4 bytes
\nchar is: 1 bytes
\nfloat is: 4 bytes<\/div>\n
Below is an example of a code of primary data types in C.<\/p>\n
#include<stdio.h>\n\nint main()\n{\n  int num = 20;\n  long int num1 = 455;\n  char char1 = 'H';\n  signed char char2 = 'J';\n  unsigned char char3 = 'I';\n  float d1 = 25.1;\n  double d2 = 9.4777;\n  printf(\"\\n\");\n  printf(\"Welcome to TechVidvan Tutorial on Data Types of C...\\n\\n\");\n  printf(\"Size of int data type %d is: %d bytes.\\n\", num,sizeof(num));\n  printf(\"Size of long int data type %d is: %d bytes.\\n\", num1,sizeof(num1));\n  printf(\"Size of char data type %c is: %d bytes.\\n\", char1,sizeof(char1));\n  printf(\"Size of signed char data type %c is: %d bytes.\\n\", char2,sizeof(char2));\n  printf(\"Size of unsigned char data type %c is: %d bytes.\\n\", char3,sizeof(char3));\n  printf(\"Size of float data type %f is: %d bytes.\\n\", d1,sizeof(d1));\n  printf(\"Size of double data type %f is: %d bytes.\\n\", d2,sizeof(d2));\n}\n<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
Welcome to TechVidvan Tutorial on Data Types of C…Size of int data type 20 is: 4 bytes.
\nSize of long int data type 455 is: 8 bytes.
\nSize of char data type H is: 1 bytes.
\nSize of signed char data type J is: 1 bytes.
\nSize of unsigned char data type I is: 1 bytes.
\nSize of float data type 25.100000 is: 4 bytes.
\nSize of double data type 9.477700 is: 8 bytes.<\/div>\n
Format Specifier in C<\/h3>\n
The purpose of format specifiers is for I\/O operations. A programmer can read data from the user using scanf() function and also he can print the data using printf() function.<\/span><\/p>\n
Below is the list of format specifiers:-<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Format Specifier<\/b><\/td>\nType<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%c<\/span><\/td>\nCharacter<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%d<\/span><\/td>\nSigned integer<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%e or %E<\/span><\/td>\nScientific notation of floats<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%f<\/span><\/td>\nFloat values<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%g or %G<\/span><\/td>\nSimilar as %e or %E<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%hi<\/span><\/td>\nSigned integer (short)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%hu<\/span><\/td>\nUnsigned Integer (short)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%i<\/span><\/td>\nUnsigned integer<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%l or %ld or %li<\/span><\/td>\nLong<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%lf<\/span><\/td>\nDouble<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%Lf<\/span><\/td>\nLong double<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%lu<\/span><\/td>\nUnsigned int or unsigned long<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%lli or %lld<\/span><\/td>\nLong long<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%llu<\/span><\/td>\nUnsigned long long<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%o<\/span><\/td>\nOctal representation<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%p<\/span><\/td>\nPointer<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%s<\/span><\/td>\nString<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%u<\/span><\/td>\nUnsigned int<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%x or %X<\/span><\/td>\nHexadecimal representation<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%n<\/span><\/td>\nPrints nothing<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%%<\/span><\/td>\nPrints % character<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Summary<\/h3>\n
1. Based on the data type, one can analyze what type of data returned by the function.<\/span><\/p>\n
2. Different ranges and sizes for each data type.<\/span><\/p>\n
3. A constant is a value that stays the same at the time of execution.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Data types provide a valuable role to declare variables or functions of different types in all programming languages. 1. If you provide the data type then based on your data type, it makes it...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":81064,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3510],"tags":[3509,3511,3512,3513,3514],"class_list":["post-80942","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-c-programming","tag-basic-data-types-in-c","tag-data-types-in-c","tag-derived-data-types-in-c","tag-format-specifier-in-c","tag-void-data-type-in-c"],"yoast_head":"\nData Types in C - TechVidvan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Data Types in C programming with examples. 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