C programming language provides various features and techniques to the users and Strings is one of them. A string is generally a text that is enclosed in double quotes. C has a standard library called <string.h> which contains many functions and the main purpose of these functions is to perform complex operations on Strings.<\/p>\n
Strings are an array of characters. It is a one dimensional array. The only difference between a character array and a string is that the string is terminated with a null character \u2018\\0\u2019.<\/p>\n
The termination character(\u2018\\0\u2019) is the only important thing by which you can identify if it is string or not. You can represent the string using double quotes(\u201c\u201d). And, using single quotes(\u2018\u2019), you can represent a single character.<\/p>\n
String declaration is as simple as the declaration of a one-dimensional array. There are two ways to declare a string in C:-<\/p>\n
Example of declaring string by char array in C:-<\/strong><\/p>\n Note:-<\/strong> While declaring, size is not mandatory.<\/p>\n We can also declare the above string like below!<\/p>\n Example of declaring string by string literal in C:-<\/strong><\/p>\n In the above case, the compiler will add a null character(\u2018\\0\u2019) at the end of the string.<\/p>\n Syntax:-<\/strong><\/p>\n In the above expression, function name is name_str and size is the length of the characters.<\/p>\n Strings can be initialized in different ways. Below are some examples of string initialization.<\/p>\n Example:- Initializing a string in C<\/strong><\/p>\n Memory representation of string \u201cTech\u201d:-<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 0<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 1<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 2<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 3<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 4<\/span><\/p>\n Basic Example of initializing and declaring a string:-<\/strong><\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n You can use the %s access specifier to directly read or print strings.<\/p>\n In strings, you can assign values to the string like below:-<\/p>\n We can use functions like scanf(), fgets(), gets() to read a string from the user.<\/p>\n Example:- Reading a string in C<\/strong><\/p>\n In the above code, we use scanf() function to read string from the user and we use %s format specifier without using \u201c&\u201d because an array acts as a pointer.<\/p>\n The main problem with scanf() function is that it never reads the entire string in C. It will break the process as soon as whitespace, form feed, vertical tab or newline occurs.<\/p>\n For example, suppose you want to read \u201cTechVidvan Tutorials\u201d<\/strong> and if you use scanf() then it will never read the entire string because whitespace is there between the two names. That\u2019s why the scanf() function will only read \u201cTechVidvan\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n But you can bypass this with the help of gets() function. With the help of this function, you can read the entire string. It ignores whitespaces and stops reading when a newline is entered.<\/p>\n Example:- gets() function in C<\/strong><\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n But there is a dangerous problem in the get() function also. The gets() function continues reading until it finds a newline or encounters EOF and may overflow the bounds of the buffer it was given.<\/p>\n Alternative to this, you can use the fgets() function to bypass the above situation.<\/p>\n Example:- fgets() function in C<\/strong><\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n The arguments that fgets() function accept are:- You already know that printf() function is used for printing strings in C. And with printf(), you have to use %s format specifier to print the string.<\/p>\n Example:- Printing a string in C<\/strong><\/p>\n Apart from this function, you can also use fputs(), puts() function to print the string.<\/p>\n This function helps you in printing the string to the display.<\/p>\n Example:- fputs() function in C<\/strong><\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n The arguments that fgets() function accept are:-<\/p>\n The puts() function helps you in printing the string to the display.<\/p>\n Example:- puts() function in C<\/strong><\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n You can pass strings to the function in a similar way as you pass arrays to a function.<\/p>\n Example:- Passing strings to function<\/strong><\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n You can use pointers to point to the string which you want to print. There are several benefits of using pointers to point to the string.<\/p>\n Strings and pointers are one of the most important and useful topics in the C programming language. You can use a pointer with a string like you use a pointer with an array.<\/p>\n Example:- Strings and Pointers in C<\/strong><\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n In the above example, point is declared as a pointer to the array of characters str_name. You cannot just copy the string into another string. For that, you will have to use a pointer to store the string. In the above example, we used a pointer to copy the string into another.<\/p>\n Strings traversing is one of the most important concepts in any programming language. Suppose, you want to manipulate a large text then string traversing will help you to manipulate the text.<\/p>\n There are two ways to traverse a string in C:-<\/p>\n Let us see an example of each:<\/p>\n Example of using the length of the string:-<\/strong><\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n Example of Using the null character in C<\/strong><\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n You often need to manipulate large texts according to the required problem. Doing this manually will make your programming complex and large.<\/p>\n To get rid of this, C supports various string handling functions in the standard library \u201cstring.h\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Below are the string handling functions that C supports:-<\/strong><\/p>\n Exam<\/strong>ple:- String Handling Functions in C<\/strong><\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n Note:<\/strong>– You have to include \u201c#include <string.h>\u201d<\/strong> to run string handling functions.<\/p>\n In C, stdio.h library contains the functions which help in converting a string to a number. Following are the functions:-<\/p>\n Example:- Converting string to a number<\/strong><\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n Note:-<\/strong> If you declare a string like char *string = \u201cHi\u201d<\/strong>. Then this is a constant and you can\u2019t modify it.<\/p>\n You must declare or initialize a string before using it. A string is an array of characters. You cannot say that \u2018A\u2019 is a string. It is a character. C supports various string handling functions which helps you in manipulating large texts. To use these functions, you have to include the string.h<\/strong> library. In C, we can convert strings to numbers which is useful for coding and decoding processes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" C programming language provides various features and techniques to the users and Strings is one of them. A string is generally a text that is enclosed in double quotes. C has a standard library...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":81683,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3510],"tags":[3720,3721,3722,3696,3723],"class_list":["post-81465","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-c-programming","tag-converting-string-to-number-in-c","tag-string-functions-in-c","tag-strings-and-pointers-in-c","tag-strings-in-c","tag-traversing-string-in-c"],"yoast_head":"\nchar tutorial[10]={'T', 'e', 'c', 'h', 'V', 'i', 'd', 'v', 'a', 'n', '\\0'};\n\n<\/pre>\nchar tutorial[]={'T', 'e', 'c', 'h', 'V', 'i', 'd', 'v', 'a', 'n', '\\0'};\n<\/pre>\nchar tutorial[]=\"TechVidvan\";\n<\/pre>\n
char name_str[size];<\/pre>\n
Initialization of a string in C<\/h3>\n
char str[] = \"Tech\";\nchar str[50] = \"TechVidvan\";\nchar str[] = {'T','e','c','h','V','i','d','v','a','n','\\0'};\n<\/pre>\n\n\n
\n T<\/b><\/td>\n e<\/b><\/td>\n c<\/b><\/td>\n h<\/b><\/td>\n \\0<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n #include <stdio.h>\n\nint main() {\n char s[]=\"TechVidvan!\";\n printf(\"%s\",s);\n return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\nAssigning values to String in C<\/h3>\n
char s[30] = \"TechVidvan\";\n<\/pre>\n
Read a string in C:<\/h4>\n
#include <stdio.h>\n\nint main() {\n char s[10];\n printf(\"Enter your name: \\n\");\n scanf(\"%s\",s);\n printf(\"Your name is: %s\",s);\n return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\ngets() function in C<\/h4>\n
#include <stdio.h>\n\nint main() {\n char s[10];\n printf(\"Enter your name: \\n\");\n gets(s);\n printf(\"Your name is: %s\",s);\n return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n
\nYour name is: Raj Prasad<\/div>\n#include <stdio.h>\n\nint main() {\n char s[15];\n printf(\"Enter your name: \\n\");\n fgets(s,15,stdin);\n printf(\"Your name is: %s\",s);\n return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n
\nYour name is: Raj Prasad<\/div>\n
\nThe string name.
\nNumber of characters to read.
\nstdin:- Purpose of this is to read from standard input which is from the keyboard.<\/p>\nPrint a string in C<\/h3>\n
printf(\"%s\", str_name);<\/pre>\n
fputs() function in C:-<\/h4>\n
#include <stdio.h>\n\nint main() {\n char tutorial[25];\n printf(\"Enter your favourite website to learn C: \\n\");\n fgets(tutorial,25,stdin);\n fputs(tutorial,stdout);\n return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n
\nIt’s TechVidvan!<\/div>\n\n
puts() function in C<\/h4>\n
#include <stdio.h>\nint main() {\n char str_name[25];\n printf(\"Enter your favourite Food: \\n\");\n fgets(str_name,25,stdin);\n puts(str_name);\n return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n
\nBiryani!<\/div>\nPassing strings to function in C<\/h3>\n
#include <stdio.h>\nvoid display_string(char best_tutorial[]){\n printf(\"Best Website to learn C programming is: %s\",best_tutorial);\n}\nint main() {\n char best_tutorial[] = \"TechVidvan!\";\n display_string(best_tutorial);\n return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\nStrings and Pointers in C<\/h3>\n
#include <stdio.h>\nint main() {\n char str_name[] = \"TechVidvan Tutorials: Strings and Pointers!\";\n char *point = str_name;\n printf(\"%s\",point);\n return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\nTraversing String in C<\/h3>\n
\n
#include<stdio.h> \nvoid main () \n{ \nchar str_name[20] = \"TechVidvan\"; \nint each = 0; \nint incr = 0; \nwhile(each<11) \n{ \nif(str_name[each]=='a' || str_name[each] == 'e' || str_name[each] == 'i' || str_name[each] == 'u' || str_name[each] == 'o') \n{ \nincr++; \n} \neach++; \n} \nprintf(\"Number of vowels in '%s' is: %d\",str_name,incr); \n}\n<\/pre>\n#include<stdio.h> \nvoid main () \n{ \nchar str_name[20] = \"TechVidvan\"; \nint each = 0; \nint incr = 0; \nwhile(str_name[each] != NULL) \n{ \nif(str_name[each]=='a' || str_name[each] == 'e' || str_name[each] == 'i' || str_name[each] == 'u' || str_name[each] == 'o') \n{ \nincr++; \n} \neach++; \n} \nprintf(\"Number of vowels in '%s' is: %d\",str_name,incr); \n}\n<\/pre>\nString functions in C<\/h3>\n
\n
#include <stdio.h>\n#include <string.h>\nint main () {\nchar s1[20] = \"Greeting from \";\nchar s2[20] = \"TechVidvan!\";\nchar s3[20];\nint len;\nint cmp;\nstrcpy(s3, s1); \/\/ copies string s1 into s3!\nprintf(\"Coping string s1 into s3: %s\\n\", s3 );\nstrcat( s1, s2); \/\/ concatenates s1 and s2!\nprintf(\"Concatenating string s1 and s2: %s\\n\", s1 );\nlen = strlen(s1); \/\/ length of string s1\nprintf(\"Length of string s1 is: %d\\n\", len );\n\/\/ comparing string s1 and s2!\ncmp = strcmp(s1,s2);\nif (cmp == 0){\n printf(\"String s1 and s2 are equal!\\n\");\n}\nelse{\n printf(\"String s1 and s2 are not equal!\\n\");\n}\nreturn 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n
\nConcatenating string s1 and s2: Greeting from TechVidvan!
\nLength of string s1 is: 25
\nString s1 and s2 are not equal!<\/div>\nConverting string to number in C<\/h3>\n
\n
#include <stdio.h>\n#include <string.h>\n#include <stdlib.h>\nint main(){\n char str_id[10]=\"TechVidvan\";\n int num;\n num = atoi(str_id);\n printf(\"Integer Value: %d\\n\",num);\n char str_id_1[10]=\"5555555\";\n int num1;\n num1 = atoi(str_id_1);\n printf(\"Integer Value: %d\\n\",num1);\n return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n
\nInteger Value: 5555555<\/div>\nSummary<\/h3>\n