The C programming language has many awesome features which help the programming by making their coding easy. In C, you can also make use of structures. It will help you in creating data items of different types. Structure is one of the important and efficient topics in C. A programmer should learn the functionality of structures because of its working and easy-to-implement methods.<\/p>\n
Structure is a user-defined data type. It works similarly like arrays. Structures help you in grouping items of different types in a single group. It stores the collection of different data types. Each element of structure is known as a member.<\/p>\n
Before creating variables of structure, you have to define it first. You can use the struct keyword to define structures.<\/p>\n
Syntax:-<\/strong><\/p>\n Example of C Structures<\/strong><\/p>\n In the above example, we have defined a structure named bill. And the members of this structure are amount, id<\/strong> and address.<\/strong><\/p>\n You can create structures outside the main() function. The struct<\/strong> keyword is used to create a structure in C. To access the data members of a structure, you will have to create structure variables either outside or inside of the main() function.<\/p>\n Syntax:-<\/strong><\/p>\n Example:-<\/strong><\/p>\n You can also declare variables through the structure. It helps in accessing the members of the structure easily. There are two ways to declare structure variable:-<\/p>\n In first method, you can declare the structure variables within the main() function like below:-<\/p>\n From the above example, you can use p1,p2 variables to access the members of the structure.<\/p>\n You can also declare a structure variable in other way like below:-<\/p>\n Between these two ways which way is better:-<\/strong><\/p>\n Before using the structure variables, you will have to access the members of the structure. There are 2 ways to access the member of the structure:-<\/p>\n Suppose, you want to access the amount member of the p1 variable from the above example then you can use . operator like below:-<\/p>\n Example:- Accessing members of structures<\/strong><\/p>\n Output:-<\/strong><\/p>\n TechVidvan Tutorial: Accessing members of structure!<\/p>\n Details of First Person! You can also create an array of structures like below:-<\/p>\n Output:-<\/strong><\/p>\n TechVidvan Tutorial: Array of structures!<\/p>\n Integer value is: 44 As you have seen, you can use an array to structure. Similarly, you can use a pointer to the structure. If you use pointers to a structure then you will have to use -> operator to access the members of the structure.<\/p>\n Example of structure pointer<\/strong><\/p>\n Output:-<\/strong><\/p>\n TechVidvan Tutorial: Pointer to structures!<\/p>\n First value is: 3 You can use the typedef keyword with structures to simplify the syntax for declaring variables. With the help of this keyword, you can give a meaningful name to an existing variable in your C program.<\/p>\n Let\u2019s look at an example below:-<\/strong><\/p>\n In a similar way, you can use the typedef keyword in the above example like below:-<\/p>\n Like nested loops, you can also create nested structures in your program code.<\/p>\n Example of C nested structures<\/strong><\/p>\n In the above example, we have used two struct types: detail<\/strong> and each_person.<\/strong> Suppose you want to declare a value of the member id<\/strong> for the variable person_1<\/strong> then you can do this like below:-<\/p>\n You can also pass a function to structures. It helps you in making your coding better and efficient.<\/p>\n Example of passing function to structures<\/strong><\/p>\n Output:-<\/strong><\/p>\n TechVidvan Tutorial: passing a function to the structures!<\/p>\n Name of first student: John Digoi Sometimes you will face a situation where you want to store various information or data about one or more people. That is when you will create different variables for each information per person. And, your program code will be long and complex. So to avoid this type of long and complex coding, you can create a collection of all related information with the help of structures.<\/p>\n Let\u2019s take an example to understand the significance of structures in C.<\/p>\n Let\u2019s say that you want to display a particular date in your system. With the help of a structure, you can define the date, month and the year as the members of the structure. It will work as a single unit.<\/p>\n Following is the solution to the above problem:-<\/strong><\/p>\n Output:-<\/strong><\/p>\n TechVidvan Tutorials: Significance of structures in C!<\/p>\n Your provided date is: 16:11:2021<\/p>\n<\/div>\n The main purpose of designated initialization is to initialize the structure members in any order.<\/p>\n Example of C Designated Initialization<\/strong><\/p>\n Output:-<\/strong><\/p>\n TechVidvan Tutorial: Designated initialization!<\/p>\n Values: a = 4, b = 1, c = 47 The C programming language has many awesome features which help the programming by making their coding easy. In C, you can also make use of structures.<\/p>\n Structure is a user-defined data type. It works similarly like arrays. You can create a collection of all related information with the help of structures. Before using the structure variables, you will have to access the members of the structure.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" The C programming language has many awesome features which help the programming by making their coding easy. In C, you can also make use of structures. It will help you in creating data items...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":82881,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3510],"tags":[3774,3775],"class_list":["post-81733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-c-programming","tag-structure-in-c","tag-structures-in-c"],"yoast_head":"\nstruct name_of_the_structure \n{\n data_type member1;\n data_type member2;\n ...\n data_type memberN;\n};\n<\/pre>\nstruct bill\n{\n float amount;\n int id;\n char address[100];\n};\n<\/pre>\nHow to create structures in C:-<\/h3>\n
struct name_of_the_structure \n{\n data_type member1;\n data_type member2;\n ...\n data_type memberN;\n};\n<\/pre>\nstruct bill\n{\n float amount;\n int id;\n char address[100];\n};\n<\/pre>\nCreating structure variable in C<\/h3>\n
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First Method of Creating structure variable in C<\/h4>\n
struct bill\n{\n float amount;\n int id;\n char address[100];\n};\n<\/pre>\nint main(){\nstruct bill p1,p2;\n}\n<\/pre>\nSecond Method of Creating structure variable in C<\/h4>\n
struct bill\n{\n float amount;\n int id;\n char address[100];\n}p1,p2;\n<\/pre>\n\n
Accessing members of C structures<\/h3>\n
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p1.amount;\n<\/pre>\n
#include<stdio.h> \n#include <string.h> \nstruct bill \t \n{ int id; \t \n char address[200]; \t \n float amount; \t \n}p1,p2;\t \nint main( ) \n{ \nprintf(\"TechVidvan Tutorial: Accessing members of structure!\\n\\n\");\n p1.id=1; \n strcpy(p1.address, \"Sector 41B, Market Complex, City: Siliguri, State: West Bengal\"); \n p1.amount=5689.36;\n printf(\"Details of First Person!\\n\");\n printf(\"Id of first person is: %d\\n\",p1.id);\n printf(\"Amount due by first person is: %f\\n\",p1.amount);\n printf(\"Address of first person is: %s\\n\",p1.address);\n p2.id=2; \n strcpy(p2.address, \"Sector 43B, Road No-06, Market Complex, City: Siliguri, State: West Bengal\"); \n p2.amount=5644.36;\n printf(\"Details of Second Person!\\n\");\n printf(\"Id of Second person is: %d\\n\",p2.id);\n printf(\"Amount due by second person is: %f\\n\",p2.amount);\n printf(\"Address of second person is: %s\\n\",p2.address); \n \n return 0; \n} \n<\/pre>\n
\nId of first person is: 1
\nAmount due by first person is: 5689.359863
\nAddress of first person is: Sector 41B, Market Complex, City: Siliguri, State: West Bengal
\nDetails of Second Person!
\nId of Second person is: 2
\nAmount due by second person is: 5644.359863
\nAddress of second person is: Sector 43B, Road No-06, Market Complex, City: Siliguri, State: West Bengal<\/p>\n<\/div>\nArray of structures in C<\/h3>\n
#include<stdio.h>\nstruct array_name\n{\n int a;\n float b;\n};\nint main()\n{\n struct array_name a1[6];\n a1[0].a = 44;\n a1[1].b = 4.5;\n printf(\"TechVidvan Tutorial: Array of structures!\\n\\n\");\nprintf(\"Integer value is: %d\\n\",a1[0].a);\n printf(\"Floating point value is: %0.1f\",a1[1].b);\n return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n
\nFloating point value is: 4.5<\/p>\n<\/div>\nStructure Pointer in C<\/h3>\n
#include<stdio.h>\nstruct point\n{\n int a;\n float b;\n};\nint main()\n{\n struct point p1={3,6.3};\n struct point *p2=&p1;\n printf(\"TechVidvan Tutorial: Pointer to structures!\\n\\n\");\n printf(\"First value is: %d\\n\",p2->a);\n printf(\"Second value is: %0.1f\",p2->b);\n return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n
\nSecond value is: 6.3<\/p>\n<\/div>\ntypedef keyword in C<\/h4>\n
struct bill\n{\n float amount;\n int id;\n char address[100];\n};\nint main(){\nstruct bill p1,p2;\n}\n<\/pre>\ntypedef struct bill\n{\n float amount;\n int id;\n char address[100];\n}each_bill;\nint main(){\neach_bill p1,p2;\n}\n<\/pre>\nNested structures in C:-<\/h4>\n
struct detail\n{\n int id;\n float amount;\n};\n\nstruct info\n{\n struct detail each_person;\n int age;\n} person_1, person_2;\n<\/pre>\nperson_1.each_person.id = 4;<\/pre>\n
Passing function to structures in C<\/h3>\n
#include <stdio.h>\n#include <string.h>\n \nstruct info {\n char student_name[50];\n char favorite_subject[20];\n int id;\n};\nvoid display( struct info each_student );\nint main() {\n struct info s1; \t \n strcpy( s1.student_name, \"John Digoi\");\n strcpy( s1.favorite_subject, \"Maths\");\n s1.id = 756;\n\/\/ printing first student details!\n display(s1);\n return 0;\n}\n\nvoid display( struct info each_student ) {\n printf(\"TechVidvan Tutorial: passing a function to the structures!\\n\\n\");\n printf( \"Name of first student: %s\\n\", each_student.student_name);\n printf( \"Favourite subject of first student: %s\\n\", each_student.favorite_subject);\n printf(\"ID of first student: %d\\n\",each_student.id);\n}\n<\/pre>\n
\nFavourite subject of first student: Maths
\nID of first student: 756<\/p>\n<\/div>\nWhy to use structures in C?<\/h3>\n
Limitations of structures in C<\/h3>\n
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Significance of C Structures<\/h3>\n
#include <stdio.h>\nstruct printDate\n{\nint d, m, y;\n};\nint main()\n{\nstruct printDate date = {16, 11, 2021};\nprintf(\"TechVidvan Tutorials: Significance of structures in C!\\n\\n\");\nprintf(\"Your provided date is: %d:%d:%d\\n\", date.d, date.m, date.y);\nreturn 0;\n}<\/pre>\nDesignated Initialization in C<\/h3>\n
#include<stdio.h> \nstruct init\n{\n int a, b, c;\n}; \nint main()\n{\n \/\/ using designated initialization\n struct init i1 = {.b = 1, .a = 4, .c = 47};\n struct init i2 = {.b = 13};\n printf(\"TechVidvan Tutorial: Designated initialization!\\n\\n\");\n printf (\"Values: a = %d, b = %d, c = %d\\n\", i1.a,i1.b,i1.c);\n printf (\"Values: b = %d\", i2.b);\n return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n
\nValues: b = 13<\/p>\n<\/div>\nSummary<\/h3>\n