In this article, we will learn about tokens and its types in C++. Let’s start!!<\/p>\n
A token is the smallest unit of a program that the compiler understands. In C++, Tokens are divided into<\/p>\n
Before moving ahead to the types, let\u2019s first talk about character set in C++.<\/p>\n
The input and output of a program are made up of characters and symbols. C++ Character Set is a collection of characters and symbols that have a specified meaning. It consists of:<\/p>\n
In a programming language, there are certain reserved words that have fixed meaning. These words are known as keywords. We cannot use a keyword for purposes other than what it’s reserved for.<\/p>\n
There are 32 keywords supported in C language.<\/p>\n
auto\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 double\u00a0 \u00a0int\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0struct<\/b><\/p>\n
break\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 else\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 long\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 switch<\/b><\/p>\n
case\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0enum\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0register\u00a0 typedef<\/b><\/p>\n
char\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 extern\u00a0 \u00a0 return \u00a0 \u00a0 union<\/b><\/p>\n
const\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0float \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 short\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 unsigned<\/b><\/p>\n
continue\u00a0 \u00a0 for\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 signed \u00a0 \u00a0 void<\/b><\/p>\n
default\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 goto\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0sizeof\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 volatile<\/b><\/p>\n
do\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0if\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0static\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 while<\/b><\/p>\n
C++ supports these 32 keywords and 31 additional keywords that are not available in C.<\/p>\n
asm\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 bool\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 catch\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0class<\/b><\/p>\n
const_cast \u00a0 delete\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 dynamic_cast \u00a0 explicit\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n
export\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0false\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0friend\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0inline\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n
mutable\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0namespace \u00a0 new\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 operator\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n
private\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 protected\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0public\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 reinterpret_cast<\/b><\/p>\n
static_cast\u00a0 \u00a0template\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 this\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0throw<\/b><\/p>\n
true\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 try\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 typeid\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0typename\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n
using\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 virtual\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 wchar_t<\/b><\/p>\n2. Identifiers in C++<\/h4>\n
We can give names to various elements of a program like variables, functions, structures, etc. These user-defined names are called identifiers. Identifiers must be unique as we use them in the program execution.<\/p>\n
We need to follow some rules for naming identifiers:<\/p>\n
Examples of some valid identifiers are: Name, age, add_numbers, _students, etc.
\nExamples of some invalid identifiers are: Name@, 6age, new, etc.<\/p>\n
Constants are expressions whose values remain fixed. Once defined, we cannot change the value of a constant. These can also be referred to as literals.<\/p>\n
Constants can be of integer, floating-point, character, string or boolean data types.<\/p>\n
For example,<\/strong> Here, the value of constant pi cannot be changed in the entire program.<\/p>\n A string stores a sequence of characters. It terminates with a null character \u2018\\0\u2019. Unlike characters, strings in C++ are always enclosed within double quotes (” “).<\/p>\n In C++, there are two types of strings:<\/p>\n a. C-style strings b. Objects of the string class in the Standard C++ Library There are some special symbols in C++ that have special meaning to the compiler. We cannot alter their meaning. List of special symbols in C++ are:<\/p>\n Operators are symbols that operate on operands. These operands can be variables or values. Operators help us to perform mathematical and logical computations.<\/p>\n Operators in C++ are classified into following types based on the number of operands they operate on:<\/p>\n a. Unary Operators:<\/strong> These act upon one operand. For example, increment operator (++). On the basis of nature of operation, operators in C++ are classified into following six types:<\/p>\n Now, we understand what tokens are in C++. It is the smallest unit of a program that the compiler understands. Tokens are classified into Keywords, Identifiers, Constants, Strings, Special symbols and Operators.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" In this article, we will learn about tokens and its types in C++. Let’s start!! What is Token in C++? A token is the smallest unit of a program that the compiler understands. In...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":81812,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3405],"tags":[3441,3408,3605,3778,3624],"class_list":["post-81746","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cpp","tag-identifiers-in-c","tag-keywords-in-c","tag-operators-in-c","tag-special-symbols-in-c","tag-tokens-in-c"],"yoast_head":"\n
\nconst float pi = 3.14;<\/p>\n4. Strings in C++<\/h4>\n
\nExample<\/strong> – char name[ ] = “TechVidvan”;<\/p>\n
\nExample<\/strong> – string name = “TechVidvan”;<\/p>\n5. Special Symbols in C++<\/h4>\n
\n\n
\n Special Symbol<\/b><\/td>\n Name<\/b><\/td>\n Use<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n [ ]<\/span><\/td>\n Square Brackets<\/span><\/td>\n Used for single dimensional and multidimensional subscripts of arrays.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n ()<\/span><\/td>\n Parentheses<\/span><\/td>\n Used for function calls and parameters.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n { }<\/span><\/td>\n Curly braces<\/span><\/td>\n Used to indicate the beginning and end of a code block.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n ,<\/span><\/td>\n Comma<\/span><\/td>\n Used to separate multiple statements like parameters in a function.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n :<\/span><\/td>\n Colon<\/span><\/td>\n Used to invoke an initialization list.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n ;<\/span><\/td>\n Semicolon<\/span><\/td>\n Also called statement terminator, it is used to mark the end of statements.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n *<\/span><\/td>\n Asterisk<\/span><\/td>\n Used to create pointers.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n #<\/span><\/td>\n Hash\/ Preprocessor<\/span><\/td>\n Used as a preprocessor directive to include header files and define constants.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n .<\/span><\/td>\n Dot<\/span><\/td>\n Used to access a structure member.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n ~<\/span><\/td>\n Tilde<\/span><\/td>\n Used as a destructor.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n 6. Operators in C++<\/h4>\n
\nb. Binary Operators:<\/strong> They operate on two operands. For example, addition operator (+).
\nc. Ternary Operator:<\/strong> There is a ternary operator in C++ that acts on three operands. It is the ?: conditional operator.<\/p>\n\n
Summary<\/h3>\n