A programmer can get many advantages while using the C++ programming language. It offers various features and functionalities to the programmers. C++ offers a very powerful feature named Exception Handling.<\/p>\n
Sometimes when you execute a program, you may face exceptions like run-time abnormal conditions. It arises due to some abnormal conditions such as dividing a number by zero. It arises while a program is running.<\/p>\n
In C++, you can perform exception handling with the help of three keywords such as try, catch and throw.<\/p>\n
In C++, while executing a program, different types of errors can occur like coding errors made by the programmer, wrong input errors and other errors.
\nThen it will give an error message. To put it short, it will throw you an exception.<\/p>\n
You have to use try and catch statements to perform exception handling in C++. The try block is used to represent a block of code which might throw an exception. And the catch block is used to handle that exception.<\/p>\n
Syntax:-<\/strong><\/p>\n If your try block raises more than one exception then you can use multiple catch statements to catch different types of exceptions.<\/p>\n You can make use of throw statements to throw exceptions anywhere within the program code. Below is an example of throwing an example:-<\/p>\n The above will throw an exception when you are dividing a number by zero.<\/p>\n The catch statement is useful to catch any exception. You can also specify what type of exception you want to catch.<\/p>\n The above will catch an exception named Exception1.<\/p>\n Example without try and catch statements<\/strong><\/p>\n Output:-<\/strong><\/p>\n Writing the above program code with try and catch statements:-<\/p>\n Output:-<\/strong><\/p>\n 1. In C++, you can make use of a special catch block named \u2018catch all\u2019 catch(…) which is used to catch all types of exceptions.<\/p>\n Output:-<\/strong><\/p>\n 2. Primitive types cannot be implicitly converted. Below, \u2018T\u2019 is not implicitly converted to int.<\/p>\n Output:-<\/strong><\/p>\n 3. Suppose an exception is thrown and if it did not catch anywhere then the program will terminate abnormally.<\/p>\n Output:-<\/strong><\/p>\n You can write your own unexpected function to change the above abnormality.<\/p>\n Output:-<\/strong><\/p>\n Output:-<\/strong><\/p>\n C++ also offers various standard exceptions which are defined in <exception>. You can use these in your program. It is the parent class of all standard C++ exceptions. Also an exception.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Used to throw exceptions by <\/span>new<\/b>.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Used to throw exceptions by <\/span>dynamic_cast<\/b>.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Used to handle unexpected exceptions.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Used to throw exceptions by <\/span>typeid<\/b>.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n You can easily detect an exception just by reading the code.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Used to throw an exception whenever a mathematically invalid domain is used.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Exception is thrown due to invalid arguments.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Exception is thrown whenever a too big std::string is generated.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Exception is thrown by the \u2018at\u2019 method.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n You cannot detect an exception by reading the code.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n In the program code, if a mathematical overflow occurs then this exception is thrown.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Exception is thrown when you tend to store value out of the range.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n In the program code, if a mathematical underflow occurs then this exception is thrown.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n In C++, you can also define your own exceptions. It can possible by inheriting and overriding exception class functionality.<\/p>\n Output:-<\/strong><\/p>\n From above, Tech() is a public method that is provided by the exception class. And later, it is overridden by all the child exception classes.<\/p>\n In this tutorial, we discussed how you can perform exception handling in C++ in detail. We saw what exceptions are and how to handle them in C++. Then we discussed why to use exception handling. We talked over different aspects of exception handling in C++. We also discussed how you can define your own exception in C++.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" A programmer can get many advantages while using the C++ programming language. It offers various features and functionalities to the programmers. C++ offers a very powerful feature named Exception Handling. What is Exception Handling...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":84601,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3405],"tags":[4203,4204,4205],"class_list":["post-83880","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cpp","tag-c-exception-handling","tag-c-standard-exceptions","tag-exceptions-in-c"],"yoast_head":"\ntry {\n \/\/ code\n} catch( Exception_Name e1 ) {\n \/\/ catch block\n} catch( Exception_Name e2 ) {\n \/\/ catch block\n} \n<\/pre>\nThrowing Exceptions in C++<\/h4>\n
int divide(int a, int b) {\n if( b == 0 ) {\n throw \"You are dividing a number by 0!\";\n }\n return (a\/b);\n}<\/pre>\nCatching Exceptions<\/h4>\n
try {\n \/\/ code\n} catch( Exception1 e ) {\n \/\/ code to handle exception\n}<\/pre>\n#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint divide (int a, int b)\n{\n return (a \/ b);\n}\n\nint main ()\n{\n int x = 5;\n int y = 0;\n int z = 0;\n z = divide (x, y);\n cout << z << endl;\n return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint divide (int a, int b)\n{\n if(b==0){\n \tthrow \"You are dividing a number by zero!\";\n }\n return (a\/b);\n}\n\nint main ()\n{\n int x = 5;\n int y = 0;\n int z = 0;\n try{\n z = divide (x, y);\n cout << z << endl;\n }catch (const char* e){\n \tcerr << e << endl;\n }\n\n return 0;\n}<\/pre>\nException Handling in C++<\/h3>\n
#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n try {\n throw 5;\n }\n catch (char *exp) {\n \t cout << \"Catch the Exception!\" << exp;\n }\n catch (...) {\n \t cout << \"Testing!\\n\";\n }\n return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n try {\n throw 'T';\n }\n catch (int a) {\n \t cout << \"Catch the expression!\" << a;\n }\n catch (...) {\n \t cout << \"Just Testing!\\n\";\n }\n return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n try {\n throw 'T';\n }\n catch (int a) {\n \t cout << \"Catch an exception!\";\n }\n return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n
\nAborted<\/div>\n\n
#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n try {\n \t try {\n \t\t throw 10;\n \t }\n \t catch (int x) {\n \t\t cout << \"Testing1.... \\n\";\n \t\t throw;\n \t }\n }\n catch (int x) {\n \t cout << \"Testing2.... \";\n }\n return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n
\nTesting2….<\/div>\n<\/li>\n#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\nclass Tech{\npublic:\n Tech() { cout << \"It is the constructor of Tech!\" << endl; }\n ~Tech() { cout << \"It is the destructor of Tech!\" << endl; }\n};\n \nint main()\n{\n try {\n \tTech t1;\n \tthrow 5;\n }\n catch (int x) {\n \tcout << \"Catch an exception \" << x << endl;\n }\n}\n<\/pre>\n
\nIt is the destructor of Tech!
\nCatch an exception 5<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nC++ Standard Exceptions<\/h3>\n
\nBelow is the table of the standard exceptions:-<\/p>\n\n\n
\n Serial No.<\/span><\/td>\n Exception and Definition<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 1<\/span><\/td>\n std::exception<\/b><\/p>\n \n 2<\/span><\/td>\n std::bad_alloc<\/b><\/p>\n \n 3<\/span><\/td>\n std::bad_cast<\/b><\/p>\n \n 4<\/span><\/td>\n std::bad_exception<\/b><\/p>\n \n 5<\/span><\/td>\n std::bad_typeid<\/b><\/p>\n \n 6<\/span><\/td>\n std::logic_error<\/b><\/p>\n \n 7<\/span><\/td>\n std::domain_error<\/b><\/p>\n \n 8<\/span><\/td>\n std::invalid_argument<\/b><\/p>\n \n 9<\/span><\/td>\n std::length_error<\/b><\/p>\n \n 10<\/span><\/td>\n std::out_of_range<\/b><\/p>\n \n 11<\/span><\/td>\n std::runtime_error<\/b><\/p>\n \n 12<\/span><\/td>\n std::overflow_error<\/b><\/p>\n \n 13<\/span><\/td>\n std::range_error<\/b><\/p>\n \n 14<\/span><\/td>\n std::underflow_error<\/b><\/p>\n Defining New Exceptions in C++<\/h3>\n
#include <iostream>\n#include <exception>\nusing namespace std;\n\nstruct JustException: public exception{\n const char * Tech() const throw () {\n \treturn \"Testing C++ exception!\";\n }\n};\n \nint main() {\n try {\n \tthrow JustException();\n } catch(JustException& e) {\n \tstd::cout << \"Caught JustException!\" << std::endl;\n \tstd::cout << e.Tech() << std::endl;\n } catch(std::exception& e) {\n }\n}\n<\/pre>\n
\nTesting C++ exception!<\/div>\nSummary<\/h3>\n